产犊季节对奶牛初乳品质和产奶性能的影响OA
Effects of calving season on the quality of colostrum and milk production performance in dairy cows
[目的]分析不同产犊季节条件下奶牛初乳品质、产奶性能及围产期生理状态的差异特征,为制定季节性饲养管理方案提供参考.[方法]选取某规模化牧场奶牛120头,根据产犊季节分为春、夏、秋、冬4组,每组30头.在统一饲养条件下,测定初乳理化指标、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量、产后100 d产奶性能及奶牛围产期代谢与健康相关生理指标,并记录围产期疾病发生情况;采用方差分析比较不同季节组间的差异.[结果]不同产犊季节奶牛的初乳品质、生产性能和生理指标存在显著差异.初乳品质方面,冬季产犊组营养情况与IgG含量(75.63 g/L)整体最优,而夏季组所有营养指标与IgG含量(61.84 g/L)均低于其他季节组,且夏季低免疫初乳个体比例高达21.67%;产奶性能方面,冬季组产后100 d累计产奶量(3 387.46 kg)显著高于其他季节组,夏季组最低(2 964.28 kg);生理指标方面,夏季组的代谢、应激、炎症指标均显著高于其他组,且酮病和子宫炎发生率最高,分别为23.33%和16.67%.[结论]产犊季节差异对初乳品质、产奶性能及围产期代谢状态产生显著影响,应实施针对性的季节化管理措施,保障奶牛生产性能稳定.
[Objectives]The differences in the quality of colostrum,milk production performance,and peri-natal physiology of dairy cows under different calving seasons were analyzed to provide reference for develop-ing seasonal schemes of feeding management.[Methods]120 dairy cows selected from a large-scale pasture were divided into four groups including spring group,summer group,autumn group,and winter group based on the calving season,with 30 dairy cows in each group.The physicochemical indexes of colostrum,content of im-munoglobulin G(IgG),milk production performance at 100 days postpartum,and physiological indexes related to metabolism and health of dairy cows during the perinatal period were measured under the unified conditions of feeding.The occurrence of perinatal diseases was recorded.The differences between different seasonal groups were compared with analysis of variance(AOV).[Results]There were significant differences in the qual-ity of colostrum,production performance,and physiological indexes among dairy cows in different groups.In terms of the quality of colostrum,the winter group had the best overall nutritional status and content of IgG(75.63 g/L),while the summer group had lower nutritional indexes and content of IgG(61.84 g/L)than other groups,with the proportion of individuals having low immune colostrum in summer group up to 21.67%.The cumulative milk production(3 387.46 kg)at 100 days postpartum in the winter group was significantly higher than that in other groups,with that in the summer group being the lowest(2 964.28 kg).In terms of physiologi-cal indexes,the indexes of metabolism,stress,and inflammatory in summer group were significantly higher than those in other groups,with the highest incidence of ketosis and uterine inflammation of 23.33%and 16.67%,respectively.[Conclusions]The effects of calving season on the quality of colostrum,milk production performance,and perinatal metabolic status of dairy cows were significant.Targeted measures of seasonal man-agement should be implemented to ensure the stable production performance in dairy cows.
田多湖
民勤县职业中等专业学校,甘肃 武威 733399
奶牛产犊季节初乳品质免疫球蛋白产奶性能围产期代谢
dairy cowscalving seasoncolostrum qualityimmunoglobulinmilk production perfor-manceperinatal metabolism
《养殖与饲料》 2026 (4)
69-73,5
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