基于山水林田湖草沙生命共同体的东北黑土区耕地系统保护策略与路径OA

[Objective]In the black soil region of northeast China,intensive utilization of cultivated land has led to ecological problems such as declining biodiversity.Based on the life community concept of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,grasslands,and deserts,this study aims to develop protection strategies and pathways for cultivated land systems at the landscape scale.[Methods]Systematic induction and typical case analysis methods were employed to identify ecological problems in cultivated land use within the black soil region,define the connotation of the cultivated land system,and establish a theoretical framework and implementation pathways for cultivated land system protection.[Results]1)The cultivated land system in the black soil region of northeast China faced three main ecological problems:soil fertility decline and productivity reduction,ecological space shrinkage and biodiversity loss,and water resource imbalance and ecosystem function weakening.2)The cultivated land system in the black soil region should be protected under the theoretical framework of"a holistic unit with multi-element coupling",in which the optimization of non-cultivated habitats was the key to enhancing system stability and ecological service functions.3)In terms of pathway design,it was necessary to adhere to the principles of multi-element coordination,multi-scale overall planning,and multi-stakeholder participation.Trade-offs and synergies between production and ecological functions should be balanced,and their organic integration could be promoted through a composite model of engineering,technology,and institutions.[Conclusion]The effectiveness of cultivated land system protection in the black soil region depends on the accurate identification of driving mechanisms,differentiated management based on zonal strategies,spatial coordination with scale matching,and the coordinated role of multiple stakeholders.The findings provide theoretical support and practical reference for the holistic protection and scientific restoration of the cultivated land system in the black soil region,which is of great significance for ensuring national food security and promoting regional ecological sustainability.