氮磷钾肥优化施用对马铃薯产量及抗晚疫病能力的影响研究OA
Study on the effects of optimized application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers on potato yield and resistance to late blight
本研究采用了"311-A"最优混合设计进行田间试验,探讨了不同氮、磷、钾肥施肥量对马铃薯晚疫病及产量的影响.结果表明,土壤养分含量随氮、磷、钾施用量的增减而显著波动,且二者呈现极显著正相关.马铃薯晚疫病的发生与流行速度较快,通过合理的氮、磷、钾肥配施,马铃薯对晚疫病的抵抗能力得到显著提升.不同施肥量对马铃薯晚疫病的病情指数影响显著,与未施肥(CK)相比,施用氮、磷、钾肥均能降低马铃薯晚疫病的病株率及病情指数.然而,过量施用氮和磷肥反而会增加马铃薯晚疫病的病情.此外,氮、磷、钾肥的施用对马铃薯产量具有显著的促进与互作效应,随着氮、磷、钾施肥量的增加,马铃薯产量呈抛物线型增加,增产幅度在 15.58%～53.26%之间,施肥处理中,实测 N0P0K0 的产量表现最佳,达到了 44085 kg·hm-2.单位施肥量对应马铃薯增产的顺序为 N>K2O>P2O5.在本试验条件下,通过回归分析构建的三元二次方程拟合效果良好(R2=0.989,P<0.01),确定理论最佳施肥量为N 251.09 kg·hm-2、P2O5 103.51 kg·hm-2、K2O 162.58 kg·hm-2(氮磷钾配比为 1∶0.4∶0.6),对应最高预测产量为 44137 kg·hm-2.总之,不同氮、磷、钾肥施肥量显著影响马铃薯晚疫病病情指数与产量,二者存在显著负相关关系.科学精准施肥不仅能提升土壤养分水平,还能增强马铃薯植株对晚疫病的抗性,推动绿色防控实践,同时实现产量的显著提升.
This study employed the"311-A"optimal mixture design for field experiments to explore the impact of different nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer applications on late blight and yield of potatoes.The results indicated that soil nutrient content significantly fluctuated with the increase or decrease of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer applications,and a significant positive correlation was observed between them.The occurrence and spread of late blight in potatoes were relatively rapid;however,the resistance of potatoes to late blight was significantly enhanced through the rational application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers.Different fertilizer applications significantly affected the disease index of potato late blight,and compared to the control without fertilizer(CK),the application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers reduced the diseased plant rate and disease index of potato late blight.However,excessive application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increased the disease index of potato late blight.Moreover,the application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers had a significant promotional effect on potato yield.With the increase of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer applications,the potato yield increased in a parabolic pattern,with an increased range of 15.58%to 53.26%.Among the treatments,N0P0K0 showed the best yield performance,reaching 44085 kg·hm-2.The order of yield increase per unit of fertilizer application for potatoes was N>K2O>P2O5.Under the conditions of this experiment,triple quadratic regression analysis showed a good fit for the total equation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers with yield,determining the optimal fertilizer application rates:nitrogen fertilizer at N 251.09 kg·hm-2,phosphorus at P2O5 103.51 kg·hm-2,and potassium at K2O 162.58 kg·hm-2,corresponding to the highest predicted yield of 44137 kg·hm-2.Different nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilization rates could significantly affect the late blight disease index and yield of potato,and there was a significant negative correlation between them.Scientific and precise fertilization could not only improve soil nutrient levels and enhance the disease resistance of potato plants to late blight,but also promote green control practices and achieve significant yield improvement.
王平;谢成俊;王镭;陈娟;孙振荣
兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,甘肃 兰州 730010兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,甘肃 兰州 730010兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,甘肃 兰州 730010甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,甘肃 兰州 730010
氮磷钾肥马铃薯产量晚疫病精准施肥绿色防控
nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizerspotato yieldlate blightprecision fertilizationgreen pest management
《中国土壤与肥料》 2026 (2)
114-124,11
甘肃省重点研发项目(23YFNA0015)兰州市科技计划项目(2024-3-101).
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