优化氮肥管理提高设施土壤肥力及鲜食番茄产量与品质OA
Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer management to enhance greenhouse soil fertility and improve yield and quality of fresh tomatoes
针对设施鲜食番茄生产中不合理施肥导致土壤质量下降、养分利用率低、产量及品质差等问题,探究不同施肥模式对设施土壤及鲜食番茄产量及品质形成的影响,为鲜食番茄资源高效、优质高产栽培提供科学指导.以鲜食番茄品种'普罗旺斯'作为供试材料进行田间试验.本试验采用完全随机区组排列,共设 4 个氮肥管理处理,分别为不施氮肥处理(CK),传统施肥处理(100%施尿素,UR),优化施肥处理(硝酸铵钙替代 50%尿素用量,UN)及有机施肥处理(氨基酸-多肽类有机水溶肥替代30%尿素用量,UA),研究了不同施肥模式对设施土壤养分、鲜食番茄产量及品质的影响.与其他处理相比,UA 处理可显著增加 0～20 cm 土壤全氮、微生物量碳氮及水溶性有机碳含量.同时,与UR 和UN 处理相比,UA 处理显著提升作物谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,提高番茄植株净光合速率和叶绿素含量,进一步使番茄氮素吸收量提高 14.01%～24.86%,产量提升 14.93%～22.79%,并显著提高果实综合品质.偏最小二乘路径模型表明土壤碳、番茄光合特性和氮吸收是影响鲜食番茄产量和品质的主要因素.综上,氨基酸-多肽类有机水溶肥替代 30%尿素可有效改善土壤肥力,提高番茄光合作用和养分吸收,促进番茄产量及品质提升,是一种改善土壤、增产提质的推荐施肥管理模式.
The aim of this study was to address challenges in the cultivation of greenhouse fresh tomatoes,such as soil degradation,low nutrient utilization,and suboptimal yield and quality resulting from inefficient fertilization practices.Specifically,this research examined the impacts of different fertilization strategies on soil properties,tomato yield,and fruit quality,with the goal of providing scientific recommendations for high-efficiency,high-quality,and high-yield tomato production.Field trials were conducted using the fresh tomato variety'Provence'as the experimental material.A completely randomized block design was employed,involving four nitrogen fertilizer treatments:no nitrogen fertilizer(CK),traditional fertilization(100%urea,UR),optimized fertilization(50%urea replaced with calcium ammonium nitrate,UN),and organic fertilization(30%urea replaced with amino acid-peptide-based organic water-soluble fertilizer,UA).The effects of these fertilization patterns on soil nutrient content,tomato yield,and fruit quality were evaluated.Compared to the other treatments,the UA treatment significantly increased the levels of total nitrogen,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and water-soluble organic carbon in the 0-20 cm soil layer.Additionally,relative to the UR and UN treatments,the UA treatment notably enhanced the activity of glutamine synthetase,boosted the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in tomato plants,and increased nitrogen uptake by 14.01%-24.86%.These improvements contributed to a 14.93%-22.79%increase in yield and significantly enhanced overall fruit quality.The partial least squares path model analysis identified soil carbon nutrients,photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen uptake as the primary factors influencing the yield and quality of fresh tomatoes.Replacing 30%of urea with amino acid-peptide-based organic water-soluble fertilizer effectively improved soil fertility,enhanced photosynthesis and nutrient uptake in tomatoes,and led to substantial gains in both yield and fruit quality.This fertilization strategy was recommended for improving soil health,increasing yield,and enhancing the quality of fresh tomatoes.
李阳;杨菲;李鹏雷;薛晓蓉;侯东梅;杨治平;白炬
山西农业大学,山西 太原 030031山西农业大学,山西 太原 030031||土壤健康山西省实验室,山西 太原 030031山西农业大学,山西 太原 030031||土壤健康山西省实验室,山西 太原 030031山西农业大学,山西 太原 030031||土壤健康山西省实验室,山西 太原 030031山西农业大学,山西 太原 030031山西农业大学,山西 太原 030031||土壤健康山西省实验室,山西 太原 030031山西农业大学,山西 太原 030031||土壤健康山西省实验室,山西 太原 030031
鲜食番茄产量品质偏最小二乘路径模型逼近理想解排序法
fresh tomatoesyieldqualitypartial least squares path modelingtechnique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution
《中国土壤与肥料》 2026 (2)
81-90,10
山西省重点研发计划项目(202202140601010)山西省科技重大专项计划项目(202201140601028)山西农业大学校企合作项目(2023HX004).
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