免耕旱直播对东北水稻土理化性质和稻米品效的影响OA
Effects of the No-till Dry Direct Seeding on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Rice Quality in Northeast China
[目的]免耕旱直播栽培技术被认为是一种可有效保护土壤结构、节省劳动力并提高农业可持续性的栽培模式.然而,目前尚不清楚该技术在东北稻区的应用效果及适宜品种.同时,免耕旱直播与其他种植模式的系统比较亦缺乏研究.[方法]基于2022年在辽宁省铁岭市开展的田间试验,该试验设置传统耕作(CT)、免耕旱直播(MT)和节水移栽(ST)等3种栽培模式,并选用铁粳11、通禾829和北粳1604这3个品种.通过对比不同技术模式下的土壤理化性状及水稻产量和稻米品质,系统评价3种栽培模式的生产性能及品种适宜性.[结果]与CT相比,MT提升了土壤全磷(+31.9%)和pH值(+6.4%);同时,MT 的速效磷和碱解氮较ST分别提高35.4%和7.9%,容重降低5.7%.MT下水稻产量虽较CT和ST下降,但铁粳11表现出较强适应性,其产量较其他两个品种分别高出27.0%和21.1%.MT处理的稻米蛋白质含量整体低于其他两种处理,但直链淀粉含量高于其他两种处理.ST模式维持了与CT模式相似的产量水平,且ST处理下的铁粳11和北粳1604的直链淀粉含量高于通禾829.双因素方差分析显示,水稻品种与栽培模式之间存在交互作用,显著影响水稻产量、整精米率及垩白等品质指标.[结论]免耕旱直播对东北稻田土壤理化性状有一定改良效应,但短期内产量略有下降,且品种间差异显著.节水移栽模式可在降低水资源投入的前提下,保持水稻产量.水稻品种与栽培模式的合理匹配是实现北方稻区高产优质协同提升的关键,应结合区域资源条件和栽培目标,优化技术与品种配置,以实现稻区高效可持续生产.
[Objective]No-till dry direct seeding is regarded as a sustainable cropping practice that conserves soil structure and reduces labor input.However,its performance and suitable cultivars in the Northeast China rice region remain unclear,and systematic comparisons with other established practices are lacking.[Method]A field experiment was conducted in Tieling City,Liaoning Province in 2022,involving three cultivation practices:conventional tillage(CT),no-till dry direct seeding(MT),and water-saving transplanting(ST).Three rice cultivars(Tiejing 11,Tonghe 829,and Beijing 1604)were used.We evaluated the production performance and cultivar adaptability by comparing soil physicochemical properties,grain yield,and quality among the practices.[Results]Compared with CT,MT significantly increased soil total phosphorus(+31.9%)and pH(+6.4%).Relative to ST,MT showed 35.4%higher available phosphorus,7.9%higher alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and 5.7%lower bulk density.Although grain yield in the MT was lower than that in CT and ST,Tiejing 11 demonstrated better adaptability,yielding 27.0%and 21.1%more than the other two cultivars,respectively.Rice from MT had lower protein but higher amylose content compared to the other practices.ST maintained a yield level similar to CT,with Tiejing 11 and Beijing 1604 under ST having higher amylose content than Tonghe 829.Two-way ANOVA revealed significant interactions between cultivar and practice for yield,head rice rate,and chalkiness.[Conclusion]No-tillage dry direct seeding improved some soil physicochemical properties but resulted in a slight yield reduction in the short term,with performance varying markedly among cultivars.Water-saving transplanting maintained yield with reduced water input.The appropriate matching of cultivars with cultivation practices is crucial for synergistically achieving high yield and superior quality in northern rice production systems.Optimization based on local resource conditions and production goals is recommended for sustainable intensification.
安宁;查宇;郭文钊;任彬彬;吴正超;韩晓日;刘学;李宏哲;韩巍
沈阳农业大学 土地与环境学院,沈阳 110161沈阳农业大学 土地与环境学院,沈阳 110161沈阳农业大学 土地与环境学院,沈阳 110161沈阳农业大学 土地与环境学院,沈阳 110161沈阳农业大学 土地与环境学院,沈阳 110161沈阳农业大学 土地与环境学院,沈阳 110161辽宁生态工程职业学院,沈阳 110101铁岭县现代农业服务中心,辽宁 铁岭,112608沈阳农业大学 土地与环境学院,沈阳 110161
农业科技
免耕旱直播移栽节水水稻品种土壤肥力产量稻米品质
no-tillage dry direct seedingtransplanting water savingrice varietiessoil fertilityyieldrice quality
《沈阳农业大学学报》 2026 (2)
56-65,10
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1501200)国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41807014)
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