巨噬细胞膜仿生包覆纳米颗粒的水凝胶递送系统对成骨活性及大鼠颅骨愈合的增强效应OA

Objective To develop a novel nanohydrogel bone repair system by loading curcumin into silica nanoparticles(SiO2),coating them with macrophage membranes(MM),and embedding them in methacryloylated gelatin(GelMA)hydrogels.This new composite hydrogel,termed CS@M-GelMA,combines drug sustained release,biomimetic targeting,and a three-dimensional porous structure to address the issues of curcumin's low bioavailability and the insufficient osteogenic induction of traditional materials,thereby achieving efficient regeneration of bone defects.Methods Material morphology and elemental composition were characterized through scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).In vitro experiments were divided into four groups:GelMA,S-GelMA,CS-GelMA and CS@M-GelMA,and the effects of each hydrogel on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation(CCK-8,live/dead staining),osteogenic differentiation(ALP/ARS staining),and osteogenic gene(RUNX2,BMP2,OPN)expression were evaluated.For in vivo studies,6-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(GelMA,CS-GelMA and CS@M-GelMA,10 rats/group)based on implanted hydrogel type,with a 5 mm-diameter calvarial defect model established.Micro-CT analyzed bone regeneration efficacy(BV/TV,BMD),and HE staining verified biosafety.Results SEM and EDS confirmed the synthesis of CS@M nanoparticles,with SEM revealing a uniform porous structure in CS@M-GelMA hydrogels.The CS@M-GelMA group exhibited significantly higher cell viability compared to the control group(P<0.000 1),while the quantitative values of ALP and ARS staining were significantly elevated(P<0.000 1),and the expression of osteogenic genes(R U N X 2,B M P,O P N)increased 2-3 times(P<0.000 1).Micro-CT analysis indicated that after 4 weeks,both BV/TV and BMD in the CS@M-GelMA group were significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.001),with no toxic reactions observed in major organs.Conclusion The CS@M-GelMA hydrogel enhances targeting through cellular membrane modification,facilitates the sustained release of curcumin via silica nanoparticles,and provides three-dimensional support with GelMA,collectively promoting osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration.Its porous structure,excellent biocompatibility,and osteogenic activity offer a safe and effective new strategy for clinical bone defect repair.