蔬菜应对重金属胁迫的分子机制研究现状OA

Soil heavy metal pollution poses a serious threat to the safe production of vegetables and human health.This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms and mitigation strategies of vegetables in response to heavy metal stress.Key issues in the study of heavy metal accumulation patterns and toxicity mechanisms in vegetables are first outlined,highlighting that the accumulation capacity generally follows the order:leafy vegetables＞rootstalk vegetables＞fruit-bearing vegetables,with genotypic differences,organ specificity and environmental interactions being the main factors driving this variation.Furthermore,the physiological damage mechanisms induced by heavy metal stress are systematically elaborated,including oxidative stress,photosynthetic inhibition and metabolic disorders.The multi-layered detoxification mechanisms of vegetables are detailed,covering cell wall pectin/lignin adsorption,phytochelatin and glutathione-mediated chelation,vacuolar transporter-mediated sequestration and the efflux function of ABCG transporters.At the molecular level,the synergistic roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades,calcium signaling pathways,hormonal networks(including melatonin,brassinosteroids,jasmonic acid and abscisic acid)and transcription factors(including WRKY,MYB and NAC)in molecular regulation are discussed,emphasizing the dynamic regulatory functions of post-translational modifications(including ubiquitination,methylation and phosphorylation)in stress responses.Finally,mitigation strategies based on molecular mechanisms are summarized such as the application of immobilization agents,microbe-plant synergistic remediation and genetic engineering for endogenous resistance.Prospects for integrating multi-omics,gene editing and smart material technologies to establish a full-chain solution from soil remediation to variety breeding are proposed,providing a theoretical foundation for ensuring vegetable safety and managing heavy metal pollution.