辣椒耐盐生理及分子机制研究进展OA

Soil salinization has become a global environmental stress challenge,which severely restricts crop growth and development as well as the sustainable development of agriculture,and poses a significant threat to the yield and quality of chili pepper(Capsicum annuum),an important vegetable and cash crop.Chili pepper is relatively sensitive to salt stress.Through the combined effects of osmotic stress,ionic toxicity and oxidative stress,salt stress damages plants at multiple levels ranging from morphogenesis,physiological metabolism to cell structure,and affects the entire growth cycle from seed germination to fruit development.This paper systematically reviews the physiological,biochemical and molecular regulatory mechanisms of salt tolerance in chili pepper,focusing on the physiological response strategies of chili pepper under salt stress,such as reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances,regulation of endogenous hormone networks and maintenance of ion homeostasis.It also analyzes the multi-level molecular regulatory network composed of functional genes,transcription factors,signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications,and summarizes the research progress in screening of salt-tolerant germplasm resources,analysis of genetic rules and biotechnology-assisted breeding.In addition,the current problems are summarized in the research on salt tolerance of chili pepper,including the imperfect full growth period evaluation system,unclear early signal perception mechanism,insufficient analysis of regulatory network interaction and low efficiency of research achievement transformation.It is pointed out that future research should rely on multi-omics technologies and precision breeding methods to deepen the systematic analysis of salt tolerance mechanisms,accelerate the breeding transformation of excellent genes,so as to provide theoretical reference and technical support for cultivating new salt-tolerant chili pepper varieties and ensuring the high-quality and stable development of the chili pepper industry.