辣椒低温抗性分子机制解析OA

Pepper is an important global economic crop,and its production is often constrained by low-temperature stress.Low temperatures can damage cellular structures,inhibit photosynthesis,and disrupt reproductive growth in pepper plants,leading to reduced yield and quality.Therefore,enhancing cold tolerance has become a key objective in breeding programs.This article systematically reviews the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying pepper's response to low-temperature stress.First,the perception of low-temperature signals begins with cell membrane phase transitions,which are transmitted through second messengers such as Ca2+,reactive oxygen species(ROS)and nitric oxide(NO),as well as the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade,and are regulated by hormones such as abscisic acid(ABA)and jasmonic acid(JA).Physiological responses include the protection of membrane systems,accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances,activation of antioxidant systems,and adjustments in photosynthetic and energy metabolism.At the molecular level,the regulatory network involves transcription factors such as AP2/ERF,NAC,MYB and bHLH,as well as functional proteins like dehydrins and aquaporins.The article further highlights the current limitations in research,including incomplete elucidation of core regulatory networks,insufficient understanding of epigenetic mechanisms,unclear molecular regulation of key metabolic pathways and challenges in functional validation platforms.It proposes that future studies should focus on integrating multi-omics technologies to construct dynamic regulatory networks,advancing modular gene editing and molecular design breeding,and strengthening research on complex field-level environmental interactions and stage-specific responses.These efforts aim to provide theoretical foundations and technical strategies for a deeper understanding of pepper cold tolerance and the breeding of cold-resistant varieties.