茄果类蔬菜花青素合成代谢调控及抗逆应用OA

Solanaceous vegetables,including tomato(Solanum lycopersicum),pepper(Capsicum annuum),and eggplant(S.melongena),are core pillars of China's vegetable industry,with signifcant attention paid to their fruit appearance and nutritional quality.Anthocyanins,as water-soluble secondary metabolites and potent antioxidants,not only impart vibrant colors to the fruits of these vegetables but also play crucial roles in stress resistance through mechanisms such as scavenging reactive oxygen species.They are also important indicators for evaluating fruit nutritional quality.This article systematically reviews the core mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis and metabolism in solanaceous vegetables,including the phenylpropanoid pathway initiated from phenylalanine,the three primary modes of vacuolar transport,and the degradation pathways.It highlights the regulatory network dominated by the MYB-bHLH-WD40(MBW)complex,with the participation of auxiliary transcription factors from families such as bZIP and WRKY,and analyzes the regulatory effects of environmental factors like temperature and light on anthocyanin biosynthesis and metabolism.Additionally,practical cases of enhancing stress resistance in solanaceous vegetables by increasing anthocyanin content through genetic engineering techniques are summarized.Finally,to promote the implementation of anthocyanin-related breeding practices,future research directions are outlined,focusing on three key areas:first,using fruit-specifc promoters for targeted regulation to achieve a dynamic balance between metabolic enhancement and plant growth;second,employing gene editing technologies to knockout negative regulators of anthocyanin synthesis for stable accumulation under low-light conditions;and third,in-depth analysis of the coupling relationship between non-glutathione S-transferase(GST)-mediated transport mechanisms and vacuolar acidifcation to improve the storage stability of anthocyanins in vacuoles.