时域峰度在噪声性听力损伤评估中的研究进展与应用OA

Complex noise is widespread in industrial environments,and its pronounced temporal im-pulsiveness leads to a systematic underestimation of hazard under equal-energy exposure.Recent studies have incorporated time-domain kurtosis(hereafter"kurtosis",β)into exposure charac-terization as a critical complement to energy metrics,clearly revealing the additional risk of noise-induced hearing loss attributable to temporal structure;accordingly,the evaluation paradigm is shifting from"noise energy"to"noise energy+noise temporal characteristics(kur-tosis)."Evidence from epidemiology and animal experiments consistently shows that using kur-tosis-adjusted equivalent sound level or cumulative exposure yields a more consistent dose-re-sponse across different noise types and markedly reduces the underestimation bias of ISO 1999 in high-kurtosis environments.In practice,we recommend full-shift waveform acquisition,calcu-lating kurtosis in 1-minute windows,and using the geometric mean to obtain an overall full-shift kurtosis;alternatively,a segmented adjustment can be applied to derive a kurtosis-adjusted equivalent sound level for risk-based decision-making and task stratification.At the standards and policy level,ISO 1999 revision efforts have placed temporal structure/kurtosis on the agenda and proposed additional corrections for impact/impulsive noise;meanwhile,the evidence indi-cates that as β increases,permissible exposure limits should be reduced more conservatively and monitoring strengthened.This article advocates systematically embedding a kurtosis-adjusted evaluation framework in regulations/guidelines,accompanied by measurement technical specifi-cations,quality control and harmonized algorithms,and industry pilots and training,with phased management provisions based on kurtosis thresholds,thereby advancing hearing protection from"quantity"to"quality."