ICP-AES法测定铸铝合金全元素的溶样优化与准确度验证OA

To address the need for accurate full-element analysis of cast aluminum alloys,including low-silicon(Si<0.50%)and high-silicon(4.0%～10.0%Si)systems,this study focused on overcoming sample dissolution challenges in high-silicon alloys and minimizing multi-element interference during detection.An efficient and reliable ICP-AES method was developed through systematic optimization of sample pretreatment procedures,instrumental parameters,and interference control strategies.Experimental optimization established the following protocols:for low-silicon cast aluminum alloys,0.10 g of sample was dissolved in 15 mL of 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid at 70℃;for high-silicon cast aluminum alloys,0.05 g of sample was completely dissolved using a mixed acid system consisting of 5 mL of volume fraction 50%nitric acid and 1 mL of hydrofluoric acid.This approach effectively prevented silicon loss and avoided colloidal film formation.Matrix effects from the aluminum base were compensated using matrix-matched calibration,while spectral and chemical interferences were minimized through optimized analytical line selection and acidity control.The calibration curves for 14 target elements(Si,Fe,Cu,Mn,Ti,Zr,Ni,Sb,Co,Mg,Pb,Sn,Zn,and Be)demonstrated excellent linearity(R2≥0.995),with limits of detection ranging from 0.001 to 0.012 mg/L.Accuracy validation showed strong agreement between measured and certified values for both low-and high-silicon reference materials;the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.197%to 3.26%and 0.19%to 4.87%,respectively.The proposed method simplifies sample pretreatment,overcomes key technical challenges in simultaneous full-element determination of high-silicon cast aluminum alloys,and achieves s balance between analytical accuracy and practical applicability.It provides robust technical support for quality control and compositional traceability of cast aluminum alloys.