不同保水措施对苹果园土壤水热状况与植株生长特性及节水增产潜力的影响OA

[Objective]The high efficient water-saving technology suitable for high altitude apple producing areas in Guizhou was explored to provide a reference for relieving the impacts of winter and spring droughts on growth and development of apple.[Method]The effects of different water retention treatments of AT(anti-transpirant,FA Handilong),AT+WR(AT+soil water-retaining agent),AT+MT(AT+plastic film mulching)and AT+WR+MT(AT+soil water-retaining agent+plastic film mulching)on soil water and temperature,leaf moisture content,leaf SPAD value,fruit quality and potential for water saving and yield increase of'Mitch Gala'apple trees were investigated by taking the single tillage+foliar water spraying treatment as CK and using a field experiment combined with indoor analysis.[Result]The soil and apple leaf moisture content of different water retention treatments increased by 2.10%-22.63%and 1.68%-64.99%compared with CK,respectively.Soil temperature increased during shoot vigorous growth period(in April and July)mainly,and there was no significant difference in soil temperature between different treatments during fruit maturity period(in August).The leaf SPAD value was obviously improved during shoot vigorous growth period(in April),and the leaf SPAD value of the AT+WR+MT treatment increased by 6.06%during fruit maturity period(in August)compared with CK.Different water retention treatments had the significant effects on single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter and titratable acid content of apples.The single fruit weight,longitudinal and transverse diameter,and titratable acid content of the AT+MT and AT+WR+MT treatments increased by 20.76%,18.52%,15.84%and 9.09%,and 19.41%,16.38%,11.21%and 12.12%compared with CK,respectively.The yield and output value of water retention treatments except for the AT treatment were 21.60%-27.18%and 76 588.20-96 357.50 Yuan/hm2 higher than CK,respectively.The water saving rate of the water retention treatments was 23.29%-40.38%compared with CK at the same apple yield level.The yield increase rate and water use efficiency of the water retention treatments were 30.35%-67.73%and 338.54-435.62 kg/m3 compared with CK at the same water volume,respectively.The water saving rate,yield increase rate and water use efficiency of AT+MT and AT+WR+MT treatments were relatively higher.[Conclusion]There was a difference in water saving effect among different water retention measures in high altitude apple producing areas of Guizhou,and the anti-transpirant+mulching pattern(AT+MT)is selected considering the input cost of retention materials.But the anti-transpirant+soil water-retaining agent+mulching pattern(AT+WR+MT)should be preferentially selected comprehensively considering the effects of different water retention measures on soil water content and temperature,plant growth characteristics,and water saving and yield increase benefits.