贵州澳洲坚果果实性状多样性分析与综合评价OA

[Objective]The variation and genetic diversity in fruit traits of macadamia germplasm resources were investigated to explore excellent macadamia germplasm resources and provide a reference for creation,improvement and breeding of excellent macadamia germplasm resources in Guizhou.[Method]The diversity in fruit qualitative and quantitative traits of 49 macadamia germplasm resources in Guizhou was comprehensively evaluated.[Result]The variation coefficient(CV)and genetic diversity index(H′)of 14 fruit qualitative traits of 49 macadamia germplasm resources ranged from 17.46%(ventral suture of blue peel fruit)to 56.11%(hilum side pit)and from 0.27(micropyle)to 1.35(stripe distribution on shell fruit surface)respectively.The variation coefficient(CV)and genetic diversity index(H′)of 12 fruit quantitative traits of 49 macadamia germplasm resources ranged from 7.00%(seed emergence rate)to 24.02%(fresh shell fruit weight)and from 1.77(fresh shell fruit weight)to 2.10(seed emergence rate)separately.The cluster analysis showed that 49 macadamia germplasm resources were divide into 6 groups at a Euclidean distance of 12.2.GroupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ contained 3,4,3,8,11,and 20 macadamia germplasm resources respectively.The correlation analysis showed that the traits of peel thickness,dry shell fruit weight,shell thickness and dry kernel weight had the direction effects on yield indexes of fresh fruit weight,seed emergence rate and kernel rate.The PCA and comprehensive evaluation results showed that the accumulative contribution rate and comprehensive score of 3 principal components(PC1-PC3)were 86.96%,and 0.273(GX002)-0.720(B113)respectively.[Conclusion]There is abundant genetic variation in fruit traits among 49 macadamia germplasm resources in Guizhou.B113,GX006 and C11 germplasm resources belong to large-size fruit germplasm resources.GX005,Wangmo1,B20,A4,B3,Nanya 12 and B73 germplasm resources with higher seed emergence rate and kernel rate can be used as excellent germplasm resources for breeding of excellent macadamia varieties in Guizhou.