长江流域利用洪水调控水生态灾害的创新实践OA

Comprehensively understanding the hazard,resource value and beneficial function of flood,establishing a systemic solution scheme of flood control,flood utilization and flood tailoring,represents a critical mission for Yangtze River governance in the new era.Based on ecological regulation practices conducted from 2019 to 2024 in the Danjiangkou-Wangfuzhou section of the Hanjiang River and the tributary bays of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the Yangtze River,this paper systematically reviewed the theoretical mechanisms and practical outcomes of using flood processes to regulate water ecological disasters.The study shows that the ecological functional value of floods can be realized through scientific regulation.In the control of Elodea nuttallii in the Hanjiang River,after three consecutive years of ecological regulation,the peak biomass of Elodea nuttallii decreases from 48,000 tons to 40.1 tons,and its distribution area shrinks from 11.6 km2 to 0.2 km2,promoting the recovery of native species and enhancing biodiversity.In the prevention and control of algal blooms in the tributary bays of the Three Gorges Reservoir,four regulation trials demonstrate that a daily water level fluctuation of over±1.0 m can effectively suppress chlorophyll a concentrations in the Xiangxi River and the Xiaojiang River,reducing the risk of algal blooms.These practices validate the applicability of theoretical mechanisms such as the intermediate disturbance theory,critical velocity theory,and critical layer theory in regulating water ecological disasters through flood management.Under the premise of ensuring flood safety,artificially regulating flood processes can effectively curb the excessive growth of invasive alien species and algal blooms,thereby restoring river ecological functions.Future research should focus on hydrological and meteorological coupling mechanisms,multi-objective collaborative decision-making,and optimization of regulation schemes.Leveraging the"space,sky,ground,water and project"monitoring and perception system and the Digital Twin Yangtze River platform,flood management should be advanced from"experience-driven"to"digitally empowered"approaches,providing support for the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.