奶牛乳腺炎病原菌特性及新型抗菌剂的应用研究进展OA

Bovine mastitis is a mammary gland disease caused by pathogenic bacterial,categorized into clinical,subclinical,and chronic types based on clinical manifestations.Improper milking operations can cause blockage of the mammary ducts,leading to milk accumulation.At the same time,pathogenic bacteria take the opportunity to invade and multiply in the accumulated milk.When the body is unable to effectively eliminate the pathogens due to reduced immunity or impaired blood circulation,infection will occurs.Moreover,the diverse immune evasion mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria,combined with the hindered efficacy of antibiotics due to milk stagnation,can easily lead to further exacerbation of strain resistance.The proliferation and spread of drug-resistant strains not only cause significant economic losses to the livestock industry but also pose substantial threats to both human and animal health.In recent years,with the growing prominence of antimicrobial resistance,novel antimicrobial agents such as phages,antimicrobial peptides,probiotics,and Chinese herbal medicines have demonstrated promising application potential and unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of mastitis.Therefore,in-depth research into the characteristics of mastitis-causing pathogens and their drug resistance mechanisms,along with promoting the development of antibiotic-alternative antimicrobial agents,is of great significance for the early prevention,timely treatment,and post-treatment care of mastitis.This review focuses on the current status of antimicrobial resistance in mastitis-causing pathogens,the immune evasion mechanisms,and recent advances in the research of novel antimicrobial agents,aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the comprehensive prevention and control of mastitis.