生态环境损害救济制度陆海统筹的法典融入路径OA

As an overarching strategic deployment guiding China's economic development and ecological civilization construction,"land-sea coordination"necessitates institutional reform of the traditional management model characterized by"land-sea segmenta-tion"and"river-sea separate governance."The integrity of land-sea ecosystems,the fluidity of environmental elements,and the chain effects of pollution transmission embody the governance logic that"to govern the sea,one must first govern the rivers;to govern the riv-ers,one must first govern the land."This logic dictates that land-sea environmental governance must shift from an"end-of-pipe re-sponse"to a"whole-process control"and from"elemental segmentation"to"systematic integration,"thereby shaping a governance framework compatible with the structural and functional integrity of land-sea ecosystems.The Ecological and Environmental Code(here-inafter referred to as the Code)serves as the core vehicle and institutional framework for advancing ecological civilization and construct-ing a grand governance pattern from mountaintops to oceans.Both terrestrial and marine environments should be its regulatory objects,in response to China's national strategy of"land-sea coordination."Regulations concerning land-sea environmental damage relief must be integrated into the Code to establish a unified codification system.This aims to bridge the currently fragmented operational structure of ecological and environmental damage relief systems across land and sea,promote the formation of an integrated ecological and envi-ronmental protection institutional system from mountaintops to oceans,and achieve synergistic governance of land-sea environments.First,the Code should provide a legal basis for applying the ecological and environmental damage compensation system within a unified land-sea damage relief framework,clarifying the legal nature of compensation consultation.Second,the Code should incorporate special-ized provisions to address the shortcomings of the ecological and environmental damage compensation system,enabling the diversion and linkage between compensation consultation,administrative law enforcement,and compensation litigation,while leveraging the su-pervisory role of land-sea environmental administrative public-interest litigation to ensure administrative authorities diligently fulfill their duties to protect environmental public interests.Third,the Code should clarify the institutional positioning of ecological and envi-ronmental damage compensation litigation,rationalize its relationship with environmental civil public-interest litigation,unify the quali-fications for litigation subjects,foster social participation and supervision in protecting land-sea environmental public interests,and con-struct a unified environmental civil public-interest litigation system applicable across land and sea,thereby resolving the current dilem-ma of parallel dual-track litigation systems for land-sea environmental damage.