微生物介导的胆汁酸代谢及调控肠黏膜TH17/Treg细胞稳态机制的研究进展OA

Bile acids,which are significant metabolites,are generated by the liver and conveyed to the intestine.Microorganisms in the intestine modify and process bile acids into secondary bile acids.Historically,it was believed that bile acids were engaged in the absorption and metabolism processes of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.An increasing number of studies have shown that bile acids can act as multiple signaling metabolites,which are essential for maintaining bile acid homeostasis,enterohepatic circulation,metabolism,intestinal barrier integrity,and intestinal mucosal immune homeostasis by regulating bile acid-related receptors and interactions with the microbiota.Unique lymphocyte populations cooperate with each other to jointly maintain the stability of the intestinal immune system.Among these elements,the equilibrium between pro-inflammatory T helper 17 cells(TH17)and anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells(Treg)holds particular significance.It is of great importance in safeguarding the homeostasis of the intestinal immune system.This article reviews the complex relationship and latest research progress between bile acids,intestinal microorganisms and intestinal mucosal immunity from the following three aspects:the interaction between bile acids and intestinal microorganisms,bile acid-related receptors,and the balance between TH17/Treg cells,in order to provide a theoretical basis for revealing the physiological functions of bile acids and their application in animal production.