四倍体补偿技术在家畜胚胎中的研究现状与应用前景OA

Tetraploid embryo technology is an important tool for livestock genetic breeding and biomedical research,and its application potential is becoming more and more prominent.In this paper,we systematically review the key technologies,bottlenecks and future development directions of tetraploid in vitro embryo production in livestock.It focuses on the induction methods(e.g.,physical,chemical,and biological methods),optimization of in vitro culture systems,and factors affecting the developmental efficiency of tetraploid embryos of major livestock species,such as pigs,cows,and sheep.By comparing the developmental characteristics of tetraploid embryos from different species,we reveal the core limiting factors such as abnormal activation of the embryonic genome and defective placental development.Combined with the cutting-edge technologies of gene editing and embryo-like culture,the application of this echnology in the fields of efficient breeding,disease modeling and xenotransplantation is envisioned,with a view to providing theoretical references and technological guidance for related research.