乡村民主创新的问题导向、闭环演进及实践图景OACHSSCD

In the mid-1980s,national laws and policies provided a practical framework for rural de-mocracy in China.How to practice democracy and innovate the model of democratic practice thus became a problem that rural areas themselves needed to confront.There are three types of problems here,namely the"institutional problems",the"systematic-mechanism problems",and the"practi-cal problems".For different types of problems,there are different types of innovations.The villag-ers'self-governance represented by Hezhai Village in Guangxi belongs to the institutional innova-tion.The"Four Deliberations and Two Publicizations"represented by Dengzhou City in Henan and the village affairs supervision committee represented by Houchen in Zhejiang belong to the system-atic-mechanism innovation.The latter two innovations and the"HAIXUAN"represented by Beilaohao Village in Jilin belongs to the practical innovation.Although the four typical cases oc-curred in different periods,different regions and different types of villages,the typical innovative experiences eventually elevated to the national will and were incorporated into legal and policy frameworks.There is an intrinsic clue running through the four typical innovations,which is the effective practice of rural democracy.Centering on this goal,the innovation of rural democratic practice presents the characteristics of closed-loop evolution.We can summarize the picture of rural democratic practice through the"practice visualization"approach,which includes three aspects:seeking effective practical methods is the intrinsic driving force for the continuous innovation of ru-ral democracy;combination of the democratic system and the specific conditions of the villages is the prerequisite for the continuous innovation of rural democracy;creating corresponding democrat-ic practice chains as needed is an effective way to practice whole-process people's democracy in rural areas.