寒冷区域新型储能发展综述OA

[Objective]Against the backdrop of the global energy transition and the"dual carbon"targets,energy demand in cold regions has risen sharply due to natural conditions such as low temperatures,snowfall,and permafrost,which adversely affect the efficiency,service life,and operational safety of energy storage systems.To develop new energy storage technologies suitable for cold regions,it is urgently needed to establish a comprehensive performance evaluation system covering the entire service lifecycle to support industrialization and green energy utilization.This study aimed to establish an evaluation framework and conduct a technical comparison to promote the rational deployment of different energy storage pathways,thus addressing regional energy security and sustainable development requirements.[Methods]This study focused on four major categories of energy storage technologies:electrochemical,mechanical,thermal,and hydrogen-based energy storage.It systematically analyzed five evaluation indicators:economic performance,technical performance,safety and reliability,environmental friendliness,and lifecycle energy efficiency.In terms of economic performance,total capital cost and levelized cost analysis were employed,with a low-temperature correction factor introduced.In terms of technical performance,low-temperature adaptability,energy efficiency,and cycle life were analyzed.In terms of safety and reliability,a multi-dimensional safety grading system was constructed using fault diagnosis methods.In terms of environmental friendliness,the entire chain from raw material acquisition to manufacturing and power plant construction was considered.Lifecycle energy efficiency was measured using the energy return on investment(EROI)and energy storage on investment(ESOI)indicators.Through horizontal comparison and vertical analysis,this study revealed the differential impacts of cold environments on the performance and cost of various energy storage technologies.[Results]The results show that lithium-ion batteries have reduced lifespan and safety under low temperatures.Flow batteries have long lifespans and high cycling stability,but electrochemical energy storage carries the risk of thermal runaway.Compressed air energy storage offers significant advantages in long-term energy supply and cost controllability,and its lifecycle energy efficiency is higher than that of electrochemical energy storage,but is constrained by geological conditions.Flywheel energy storage has a fast response speed but high manufacturing and maintenance costs at low temperatures.Sensible heat storage and chemical heat storage in thermal energy storage systems show potential for seasonal regulation in cold regions.Hydrogen energy storage,with its high specific energy and multi-energy coupling characteristics,demonstrates unique value in inter-seasonal peak regulation and microgrid applications,but faces challenges such as high-pressure leakage and hydrogen embrittlement.[Conclusions]Future efforts should intensify low-temperature adaptation measures and strengthen subsidies for temperature control,promote the development of multi-energy complementary energy storage dispatch centers,enhance overall system resilience,and establish a standard system for energy storage in cold regions covering the entire construction,operation,and end-of-life recycling,so as to achieve a balance between economic efficiency and safety and promote the healthy development of the energy storage industry in cold regions.