美国稀土产业的中游塌陷、战略重建与制约因素OACHSSCD

The midstream segment constitutes the core hub for value realization in the rare earth industry,and control over this segment is directly linked to a major power's capacity for high-technology development and national security autonomy.The U.S.rare earth supply chain faces a midstream collapse characterized by the absence of separation and refining capabilities,severe key technological deficiencies,and a distorted corporate ecosystem.The United States has advanced a strategic reconstruction of its rare earth industry through"the securitization of critical minerals",continuous policy upgrades,expanded public-private partnerships,and"strengthened international cooperation and supply-chain restructuring".During his second term,President Trump adopted transactional and radical foreign policies to push forward the"rare earth securitization"agenda and diversify upstream supply sources.The recent tightening of rare-earth competition has further stimulated America's strategic rebuilding,yet current progress remains confined to addressing fragmented points of industrial recovery,with no clear resolution to the broader structural collapse.The U.S.midstream collapse represents a structural backlash from decades of neoliberal economic policy and deindustrialization strategies in the field of critical minerals.Its strategic reconstruction faces three systemic constraints—technological chokepoints,political environment and industrial ecosystem—rooted in a fundamental misalignment between the U.S.technological cognition and industrial practice system,posing significant challenges to the sustainable development of both the midstream and the broader rare earth value chain.