水患语境下的城市发展与决策思想研究OACHSSCD

In response to the national initiative to"protect,inherit,and promote the Yellow River culture"and to address the developmental challenges faced by regions along the Ming-Qing old course of the Yellow River,exploring and reconstructing the culture of the old course represents a critical breakthrough.An in-depth investigation into the history of human settlements within the context of frequent flooding in the lower Yellow River basin is necessary.Pizhou,a city along the old Yellow River that frequently flooded,was chosen as the case study.Through the analysis of local chronicles,maps,and other textual materials from various periods,fragmented historical information was systematically organized to reconstruct the historical context,with a focus on the Ming and Qing dynasties and the Republican period. First,the evolution of the hydrological environment around Pizhou was investigated.This can be divided into four stages:(1)Before the Southern Song Dynasty,the Yi and Si rivers converged and flowed around the city.(2)During the Southern Song Dynasty,the Yellow River captured the Si River channel,leading to frequent flooding and persistent disruptions to water transport.(3)Following the excavation of the Jia River in the Wanli period of the Ming dynasty,the Grand Canal route was altered,exacerbating flood risks.(4)In the fifth year of the Xianfeng period of the Qing dynasty,the Yellow River shifted northward,but flooding from the Yi River persisted until the early years of the People's Republic of China,when the issue was finally resolved. Second,the spatial evolution of Pizhou during the Ming and Qing dynasties and the Republican periods was analyzed.The first phase of urban development was characterized by"thriving markets,with the highest prosperity in the southern area of the city".During the Kangxi period of the Qing dynasty,severe flooding devastated Pizhou,leading to the construction of a new city south of Aishan Mountain.This marked the second phase of urban development.For an extended period,the new city failed to fully replace the old city in terms of administrative and cultural functions,and its population remained sparse.The third phase began from the Jiaqing period,which witnessed gradual improvements in urban construction and a steady increase in population.During the slow development of the new city,the southern district of the old city experienced an unprecedented revival,with bustling markets and dense populations. Finally,the development path and decision-making philosophies of Pizhou were elaborated from four perspectives:trade-offs in benefits and drawbacks,progressive construction,functional zoning,and the intentions of both officials and residents.(1)The timing of the city's relocation coincided with the collapse of the"city-water"system,reflecting not only the constraints imposed by the water environment on traditional urban development but also decision-makers'trade-off considerations.(2)The new city was not built overnight but underwent a gradual construction process,following the principle of prioritizing political functions over cultural ones.(3)The new city's spatial layout was shaped by topography and water and land conditions,resulting in distinct functional zones that demonstrated an efficient use of limited land resources.(4)The divergence between the government's preference for building a new city and the residents'inclination to remain in the old city highlighted the different ways in which officials and residents weighed geographical,political,and economic factors. With respect to academic values,the research findings not only provide a new perspective on the development and construction history of flood-prone cities but also offer insights into the formation of urban spatial structures.Moreover,the impact of flooding during ancient urban construction and development amplified characteristics observable in other regions.Hence,this study has laid an empirical foundation and offered references for investigating ancient local cities in China. With respect to practical values,exploring urban construction wisdom and human settlement culture along the old Yellow River course can facilitate modern urban development in terms of disaster prevention,urban governance,and cultural continuity.The research results can also provide historical insights into the holistic,dynamic,adaptive,and people-oriented philosophies that are advocated in contemporary governance and urban development.