耕作方式与灌溉定额对苏打盐碱土理化性质和玉米生长的影响OA
Effect of tillage practices and irrigation quotas on physico-chemical properties and maize growth in soda saline soils
[目的]本文旨在解决西辽河平原盐碱地土壤板结与高盐碱化的问题,探讨不同灌溉定额下的深松与粉垄耕作对苏打盐碱土改良效果.[方法]开展 3 年(2020-2022 年)的田间试验,以连续 3 年传统旋耕为对照(CK),共设置了 2 种耕作方式(深松S、粉垄F)与传统旋耕交替,2 种灌溉定额W1、W2(2 100 和 2 700 m3·hm-2),共计 5 个试验处理,分析不同处理对土壤性质结构、盐碱含量、玉米产量的影响.[结果]深松与粉垄显著提高了土壤孔隙度、大水稳性团聚体(>0.25 mm)含量,且均在FW2处理下达到最大值,并显著降低了土壤容重、紧实度、黏粒和粉粒(<0.053 mm)含量、pH值、ESP、全盐量,且均在FW2 处理下达到最小值.此外,提高灌溉定额能够加速盐分淋洗,降低耕层盐分,消减盐碱障碍,改善土壤结构.深松与粉垄显著提高了玉米净光合速率、蒸腾速率、出苗率、叶面积指数、单株干物质量,其中出苗率最大增加 42.0%.深松与粉垄耕作显著提高了玉米穗长、单穗粒数、百粒重、产量.此外,灌溉定额与玉米产量呈正相关,且在FW2 达到最大值,不同处理的玉米产量较CK增加 39.5%～41.9%.[结论]深松与粉垄可显著降低土壤盐分、改善土壤结构,促进玉米生长,提高玉米出苗率,实现玉米高产,且在粉垄配合 2 700 m3·hm-2的灌溉定额处理下达到最佳效果.
[Objectives]The paper aimed to solve the problem of soil sloughing and high salinization in the saline-alkaline land of Xiliaohe Plain,to explore the effect of subsoiling tillage and powder ridge tillage on the improvement of soda saline-alkaline soils under different irrigation quotas.[Methods]A 3-year(2020-2022)field experiment was carried out,with 3-year consecutive conventional rotary tillage as control(CK),two types of tillage(subsoiling tillage S,powder ridge F)alternating with conventional rotary tillage,and two types of irrigation quotas(2 100 m3·hm-2 W1,2 700 m3·hm-2 W2)for a total of five experimental treatments.The effects of different treatments on soil property structure,salinity content,and corn yield were analyzed.[Results]Deep pine and siltation significantly increased soil porosity,large water-stable aggregates(>0.25 mm)content,and both reached the maximum value under the FW2 treatment,and significantly decreased soil bulkiness,compactness,clayey meal(<0.053 mm)content,pH value,ESP,and total salinity,and both reached the minimum value under the FW2 treatment.In addition,increasing the irrigation quota could accelerate the salt leaching,reduce the salinity in the tillage layer,abate the saline barrier and improve the soil structure.Subsoiling tillage and powder ridge significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,seedling emergence rate,leaf area index,and dry matter mass per plant of maize,with the maximum increase of 42.0%in seedling emergence rate.Subsoiling tillage and powder ridge significantly increased maize ear length,number of grains per ear,100-grain weight,and yield.In addition,irrigation quota was positively correlated with maize yield and reached the maximum value at FW2,and maize yield increased by 39.5%to 41.9%in different treatments compared with CK.[Conclusions]In conclusion,subsoiling tillage and powder ridge could significantly reduce soil salinity,improve soil structure,promote maize growth,increase maize seedling emergence rate,and achieve high maize yield,and the best effect was achieved in the treatment of powder ridge with an irrigation quota of 2 700 m3·hm-2.
王本龙;周春生;李利荣;胡佩雷;海珍
内蒙古财经大学资源与环境经济学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010070||实朴检测技术(上海)股份有限公司,上海 201108内蒙古财经大学资源与环境经济学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010070内蒙古自治区水利工程建设质量与安全监督服务中心,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010020实朴检测技术(上海)股份有限公司,上海 201108内蒙古财经大学资源与环境经济学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010070
农业科技
深松粉垄灌溉定额苏打盐碱土玉米
subsoiling tillagepowder ridgeirrigation quotassoda saline soilsmaize
《南京农业大学学报》 2026 (2)
312-323,12
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U23A2014)内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(NCYWZ22009NCYWS23033)内蒙古自治区农牧业厅项目(202076)改性凹凸棒土与膨润土混施的沙化耕地治理关键技术研发与示范项目(2024HJGJ09)内蒙古财经大学五大任务及乡村振兴项目(NCXWD2464,20240905XCZX)
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