修枝和间伐对长白落叶松人工幼龄林下草本植物多样性和土壤理化性质的短期影响OA
The short-term effects of pruning and thinning on the diversity of herbaceous plants and soil physicochemical properties under the artificial Larix olgensis young forest
[目的]探究单一修枝抚育和修枝叠加间伐抚育两种抚育方式对长白落叶松(Larix olgensis)人工幼龄林下草本植物多样性及土壤理化性质的影响,为其人工林的可持续经营提供理论与技术依据.[方法]于 2019 年 8月,选取 17 年生的长白落叶松人工幼龄林,设计了修枝+间伐、仅修枝两种抚育方式,以未抚育为对照,抚育 2、4 a后分别对林下草本植物和土壤进行了调查,对不同抚育方式下草本植物多样性和土壤养分的变化及其相关性进行了研究,明确两种抚育方式下草本植物多样性与土壤理化性质之间的相关性.[结果]抚育方式对林下草本植物多样性、土壤理化性质有显著影响.具体表现为仅修枝处理和修枝+间伐处理在短期内均能显著增加林下草本植物的物种丰富度和覆盖度.修枝+间伐处理对土壤容重和紧实度的影响作用更大,与对照林分相比(0,10]、(10,20]、(20,40]cm土壤容重分别减小 10.4%、10.2%、8.9%.与对照组相比,修枝+间伐处理下(0,10]cm土壤全氮含量增加 38.9%、水解性氮含量增加 34.8%、速效磷含量增加 53.0%、有机碳含量增加 84.6%(P＜0.05);仅修枝处理主要影响(10,20]cm土层的土壤化学性质,该层土壤水解性氮含量增加 30.2%、速效磷含量增加 14.4%、有机碳含量增加 42.2%(P＜0.05).林下草本植物多样性与土壤有机碳、氮和钾含量有着显著的相关性(P＜0.05).林下草本植物丰富度和覆盖度的增大对土壤碳和氮元素的固定作用显著.[结论]修枝+间伐抚育对林下草本植物丰富度和覆盖度的提高作用更显著.修枝抚育和间伐抚育均能直接影响林下草本植物的多样性和覆盖度,进而对土壤养分含量的提高起到了积极作用.因此,对于落叶松人工幼龄林,可以通过修枝+间伐抚育,改善林下的光照强度,促进林下草本植物的多样性和生长,从而提升土壤养分的循环速度,更好的维持土壤肥力和预防地力衰退.
[Objective]This study aims to explore the effects of single pruning and combined pruning-thinning treatments on understory herbaceous plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties in young larch(Larix olgensis)plantations,providing theoretical and technical foundations for sustainable management of larch plantations.[Method]Utilizing a 17-year-old L.olgensis plantation established in August 2019,three treatments were designed:pruning+thinning,pruning only,and an untreated control.Surveys of understory herbaceous plants and soil were conducted 2 and 4 years after treatment.Changes and correlations among herbaceous plant diversity and soil nutrients under different treatments were analyzed to clarify the relationships between the two silvicultural methods,herbaceous plant diversity,and soil physicochemical properties.[Result]Silvicultural treatments showed signifcant effects on herbaceous plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties.Specifically,both pruning-only and pruning+thinning treatments significantly increased species richness and cover of understory herbaceous plants in the short term.Pruning+thinning had a greater impact on soil bulk density and compactness.Compared to the control,soil bulk density decreased by 10.4%((0,10]cm),10.2%((10,20]cm),and 8.9%((20,40]cm);in the(0,10]cm soil layer,pruning+thinning increased total nitrogen by 38.9%,hydrolyzable nitrogen by 34.8%,available potassium by 53.0%,and organic carbon by 84.6%(P＜0.05).Pruning-only primarily affected the(10,20]cm soil layer,increasing hydrolyzable nitrogen by 30.2%,available phosphorus by 14.4%,and organic carbon by 42.2%(P＜0.05);herbaceous plant diversity showed significant correlations with soil organic carbon,nitrogen,and potassium(P＜0.05).Increased species richness and cover enhanced soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration significantly.[Conclusion]The combined pruning+thinning treatment more effectively improved herbaceous plant richness and cover.Both pruning and thinning directly enhanced understory plant diversity and cover,indirectly promoting soil nutrient cycling.For young Larix olgensis plantations,combined pruning+thinning optimizes light conditions,fosters understory herbaceous diversity and growth,accelerates soil nutrient cycling,and helps maintain soil fertility while preventing siol degradation.
杨贺;刘盛;李国伟;刘东洋;李依桐;王斌
北华大学林学院,吉林 吉林 132013北华大学林学院,吉林 吉林 132013北华大学林学院,吉林 吉林 132013吉林省重点国有林技术服务中心,吉林 长春 130022北华大学林学院,吉林 吉林 132013北华大学林学院,吉林 吉林 132013
农业科技
修枝间伐林下草本植物多样性土壤理化性质长白落叶松人工林
pruningthinningunderstory vegetation plant diversitysoil physicochemical propertyartificial of Larix olgensis
《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》 2026 (2)
187-195,9
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2200802).
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