贵州普通油茶优良单株果实性状的评价与选择OA

[Objective]This study investigates the variation patterns of various traits in the fruits of superior individual plants of Camellia oleifera in Guizhou.The objective is to identify superior C.oleifera plants characterized by high yield and elevated oil yield.This research aims to provide theoretical support and a material foundation for the breeding of improved varieties of C.oleifera in Guizhou.[Method]This study focuses on 20 superior individual plants of C.oleifera from Guizhou as the research subjects.We measured the weight of single fruits,the weight of individual fruit kernel,the oil content of seed kernels,and the contents of various fatty acids.Subsequently,we performed variation analysis and correlation analysis on the economic traits of the fruits and the fatty acid content of each superior plant.A comprehensive evaluation and selection were conducted by integrating principal component analysis with the membership function method.[Result]The variation in fruit traits among various excellent strains was significantly different.The coefficients of variation for eight economic fruit traits ranged from 7.07%to 54.74%,with an average coefficient of variation of 29.55%.Notably,the coefficient of variation for the single fruit kernel weight was the highest at 54.74%,while the coefficient for the rate of fresh seed was the lowest at 7.07%.For the contents of nine fatty acids,the coefficients of variation ranged from 0.68%to 40.05%,with an average coefficient of variation of 14.71%.Here,the coefficient of variation for α-linolenic acid was the highest at 40.05%,whereas the coefficient for unsaturated fatty acids was the lowest at 0.68%.In the correlation analysis,the correlations between 33 pairs of traits reached an extremely significant level(P＜0.01),comprising 18 pairs with extremely significant positive correlations and 15 pairs with extremely significant negative correlations.Additionally,the correlations between 22 pairs of traits reached a significant level(P＜0.05).Therefore,in breeding,comprehensive selection can be implemented by integrating the correlations among various traits with specific breeding goals.Principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 90.462%.Notably,the first principal component accounted for 49.460%of the information in the original data,with significant contributions from the rates of dry seeds,oil content in kernels,oil content in fresh fruits,oil yield per plant,oleic acid,and linoleic acid.Palmitic acid,saturated fatty acids,and unsaturated fatty acids collectively contributed significantly to the second principal component,accounting for a contribution rate of 26.331%.Meanwhile,the weight of single fruit and yield per plant were major contributors to the third principal component,with a contribution rate of 14.671%.[Conclusion]Through a comprehensive evaluation of principal components and the membership function method,six outstanding individual plants with high rankings were identified:JPOLYX3,JPOLYX8,JPYX17,JPOLYX11,JPOLYX1,and JPOLYX10.These plants can serve as materials for clonal propagation and will undergo further evaluation following regional experiments.