先秦儒墨之争的四次演变OACHSSCD

During the more than two hundred years of the Warring States period,Confucianism and Mohism engaged in four successive academic debates and ideological confrontations.From Mozi's"Rejec-tion of Confucianism"and Mencius's"Opposition to Mohism",to the later Mohists'"Contest of Others"and Xunzi's"Dispelling Blindness",the evolutionary path of the pre-Qin Confucian-Mohist rivalry took shape.In the early Warring States period,Mozi constructed the system of the"Ten Treatises"from politi-cal and ethical dimensions,critiquing Confucius and early Confucianism,marking the initial phase of the ri-valry.In the mid-Warring States period,from perspective of moral subjectivity,Mencius upheld Confu-cius's doctrine of"benevolence"and opposed Mozi's idea of"universal love,"representing a significant de-velopmental stage of the rivalry.The later Mohists sought victory in argumentation via disputation.By em-ploying the Mo Jing to summarize logical concepts and argumentative methods,they elevated the Confu-cian-Mohist rivalry to its theoretical peak.In the late Warring States period,Xunzi synthesized the doc-trines of various schools at the Jixia Academy,unraveled the limitations of Mohist thought,and preserved Confucius's principles of benevolence and ritual,formally bringing the pre-Qin Confucian-Mohist rivalry to an end.