高压下H2分子型氢化物高温超导体的研究进展OA

The synthesis of the room-temperature superconductor LaSc2H24 represents a significant milestone in the field of superconductivity research.A central goal of subsequent studies is to lower the stabilization pressure required for hydrogen-rich superconductors,thereby establishing both theoretical foundation and technical pathway toward achieving low-pressure room-temperature superconductivity.This paper reviews recent advances in the prediction and experimental synthesis of hydride materials,with a focus on a promising strategy for realizing high-temperature superconductivity at reduced pressures—namely,H2-molecular-typehydride.The superconducting mechanism dominated by molecular H2 units is redefined,offering a new perspective for understanding phonon-mediated superconductivity.In H2-molecular-type hydrides,a nearly free-electron gas behavior has been clearly observed.These delocalized electrons exhibit metallic bonding characteristics while retaining fragments of molecular hydrogen.This finding indicates that the essential condition for superconducting transition is the formation of a Fermi sea hosting Cooper pairs,rather than complete dissociation into atomic hydrogen.The generation mechanism of the free-electron gas in these materials can be effectively explained using a finite potential well model.The distinctive electronic properties of these compounds under high pressure,combined with enhanced electron-phonon coupling,establish a novel paradigm for designing low-pressure,high-temperature,and potentially room-temperature superconductors.