减氮增施有机水溶肥对小麦生长特性、产量及效益的影响OA

To investigate the effects of foliar application of polyglutamic acid organic water-soluble fertilizer on wheat growth,yield,and economic benefits under a 20%nitrogen reduction scenario,and to establish a regional fertilizer-efficient and high-yielding cultivation model,three experimental sites with different fertility levels were selected in Zhumadian City,Four treatments were established with conventional fertilization(ck),conventional fertilization with 20%nitrogen reduction(T1),20%nitrogen reduction combined with organic water-soluble fertilizer sprayed at the jointing stage(T2),and 20%nitrogen re-duction combined with organic water-soluble fertilizer sprayed at both the jointing and filling stages(T3).The feasibility of this fertilization technique was comprehensively evaluated by measuring plant height,grain-stem ratio,three yield compo-nents(spike number,grains per spike,and grain weight),and actual yield,integrated with an economic benefit analysis(input-output ratio,increased income).The results showed that compared with ck,the T3 treatment at all three sites increased wheat plant height and grain-stem ratio,while simultaneously optimizing the three yield components.Specifically,compared with ck,the spike number increased by 0.3×10⁴ to 0.5×10⁴ spikes/667 m²,grains per spike increased by 0.5 to 1.1 grains,and the 1 000-grain weight increased by 1.2 to 1.3 g,resulting in a significant yield increase of 6.55%to 7.79%.At the high-fertility site(Site A),the T2 treatment alone achieved a significant yield increase.Compared with ck,the T3 treatment model increased income by 40.4 to 63.5 yuan/667 m²,with an input-output ratio ranging from 2.86 to 3.18.However,the single-application T2 treatment posed a risk of yield reduction in medium-fertility soils(Sites B and C).A comprehensive analysis indicates that reducing nitrogen and increasing the application of organic water-soluble fertilizer can coordinate nutrient allo-cation between wheat vegetative and reproductive growth,thereby improving actual grain yield and economic benefits.