复方蛇龙胶囊对膜性肾病大鼠肾保护作用及对足细胞凋亡的影响OA

Objective:To investigate the renal protective effect of compound Shelong capsule on membranous nephropathy induced by cationic bovine serum albumin in rats and its impact on podocyte apoptosis.Methods:Sixty 6-week-old SPF-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study.Ten rats were randomly selected as the normal control group,while the remaining rats were subjected to induction of membranous nephropathy using cationic bovine serum albumin.Following successful model establishment,the model rats were randomly divided into three groups:the model group,the tripterygium glycosides tablet group(3 mg·kg⁻¹),and compound Shelong capsule group(1.5 g·kg⁻¹).The normal control and model groups were administered an equal volume of normal saline intragastrically once daily for four consecutive weeks.Serum levels of creatinine(SCr),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),albumin(ALB),and total protein(TP)were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer.Urinary microalbumin(U-mALB)levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Renal tissue pathological changes were observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,Masson staining,transmission electron microscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.The apoptosis rate of renal cells was detected by flow cytometry.The mRNA expression levels of nephrin,podocin,B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),and cysteine-aspartic protease 3(Caspase-3)in renal tissue were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Results:Compared with the normal control group,serum levels of ALB and TP were significantly decreased in the model group(P<0.05),while TC,TG,SCr,and U-mALB were significantly increased(P<0.05).Light microscopy revealed glomerular structural disorganization,inflammatory cell infiltration,and fibrous tissue deposition in the model group.Electron microscopy showed thickening of the glomerular basement membrane,foot process fusion,and podocyte injury.The apoptosis rate of renal cells was significantly elevated in the model group(P<0.05).The mRNA expression levels of nephrin and podocin were significantly downregulated(P<0.05).Additionally,Bcl-2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased,while Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA expression were significantly increased,leading to a marked reduction in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,rats in the treatment groups exhibited significantly increased serum levels of ALB and TP,along with significantly decreased levels of TC,TG,SCr,and U-mALB(P<0.05).Pathological damage to renal tissue was notably ameliorated.The apoptosis rate of renal cells was significantly reduced(P<0.05).The mRNA expression levels of nephrin and podocin were significantly upregulated(P<0.05).Furthermore,Bcl-2 mRNA expression was significantly increased,whereas Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA expression were significantly decreased,resulting in a significantly elevated Bcl-2/Bax ratio(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compound Shelong capsule exerts a protective effect against renal injury in rats with C-BSA-induced membranous nephropathy,and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of podocyte apoptosis.