油莎豆在新疆干旱区的适应性机制与栽培策略OA

Heterogeneous environmental gradients significantly constrain the cultivation of Cyperus esculentus on marginal lands in arid Xinjiang.To evaluate its adaptive potential,a multi-site trial was conducted in 2024 at three locations:Jinghe(characterized by high temperature and saline-alkaline infertility),Aksu(high temperature and drought under inefficient flood irrigation),and Fukang(characterized by limited heat and poor water reten-tion,conditions mitigated by plastic-mulched drip irrigation).Ten genotypes,including local and introduced culti-vars,were assessed for emergence,plant height,tuber yield,thousand-kernel weight(TKW),and tuber diameter using a split-plot design with three replications.Soil properties were analyzed,and data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance to quantify environmental,genotypic,and genotype×environment(G×E)interaction ef-fects using partial eta-squared(η2).Results revealedthe environment to be the dominant source of variation,signif-icantly(P<0.001)affecting all traits(η2>0.55).Distinct adaptation strategies emerged across sites.Under severe saline-alkaline stress in Jinghe(total salts,3.70 g·kg-1;organic matter,5.04 g·kg-1),plants adopted a conservative survival strategy,resulting in the lowest height(36.3 cm),yield(4.48 t·hm-2),and TKW(534.3 g).In Aksu,de-spite sufficient heat,inefficient irrigation combined with sandy soil led to moderate yield(7.40 t·hm-2)and TKW(581.1 g),whereas trait correlations weakened,thereby increasing the influence of genetic background effects.In Fukang,plastic-mulched drip irrigation overcame natural constraints,enabling a high-yield strategy with the high-est height(103.3 cm),yield(10.28 t·hm-2),and TKW(633.8 g).Significant G×E interactions occurred for yield and height.Cluster analysis identified three adaptation types:widely adaptable(represented solely by Zhongyou-sha No.1,which yielding 6.80-12.57 t·hm-2 consistently),low-yielding,and moderate environment-dependent types.Stress regimes reshaped trait networks:severe stress in Jingheimproved synergy between early traits and yield(r>0.80);moderate water stress in Aksu weakened correlations;and optimized conditions in Fukang in-duced a yield-TKW trade-off(r=-0.43).In conclusion,environmental gradients drive adaptive differentiation in tiger nut,with saline-alkaline stress identified as the key bottleneck.Altered trait correlations indicate strategic shifts from survival synergy to yield-quality trade-offs.Significant G×E interactions and the resilience of Zhongy-ousha No.1 highlight genotype-specific adaptation.These findings support precision management strategies—sa-linity control in Jinghe,irrigation optimization in Aksu,and yield-kernel balance in Fukang—to unlock the crop's po-tential on marginal lands.