秦巴山区传统村落生成逻辑、历史演进与当代格局OACHSSCD

The Qinba Mountains,which serve as a composite carrier of the ecological barrier and historical corridor in the upper Hanjiang River basin,exhibit a unique spatial gradient in the distribution of traditional villages.This gradient is characterized by a high concentration in Ankang and a more dispersed pattern throughout the Hanzhong-Shangluo region.The long-term interactions among historical policies,natural environmental conditions,and socio-cultural dynamics are the primary factors that influence this spatial configuration.This study investigates the formation mechanisms,historical evolution,and contemporary spatial patterns of 143 provincially designated traditional villages in the Qinba Mountains of Shaanxi Province using historical GIS-based spatial reconstruction and the Geodetector model.The results indicate that:1)Qing Dynasty policies,such as the Reclamation Ordinance and the Fortification for Public Security,facilitated village settlement and expansion in elevation zones of 800～1200m and slopes of 16°～25°through incentives including six-year tax exemptions,reduced taxation on sloped farmland,and state-provided timber and stone,thereby mitigating the constraints imposed by mountainous terrain.2)Historical GIS reconstruction reveals that immigration decrees and customs house regulations directed population movements along the migration corridor"Great Pagoda Tree→Shangyu Ancient Road→Hanjiang River Tributaries,"leading to the formation of a persistent high-density cluster in the Hanbin-Shiquan-Hanyin area of Ankang.3)Geodetector analysis demonstrates that the interactive explanatory power of policy and natural factors significantly exceeds that of natural factors alone,underscoring policy intervention as the primary driver shaping this spatial pattern.This research provides historical insights that can be used to develop policies that will assist mountain settlements in surmounting environmental constraints and will help to transcend the constraints of environmental determinism.