核领域增材制造技术应用进展分析OA

In recent years,the application of additive manufacturing technology in the nuclear field has gained increasing re-search attention,with some additively manufactured components already being deployed in operational nuclear power plants.This article provides a comprehensive review of the progress in the application of additive manufacturing technology in the nuclear sector,analyzes existing challenges and issues,and systematically summarizes relevant content.Additive manufactur-ing,which builds components layer by layer,overcomes the geometric limitations of traditional processes and offers advan-tages such as rapid prototyping,material performance optimization,integrated manufacturing of complex structures,and in-service repair for nuclear applications,demonstrating significant potential.Currently,a global pattern of"two major leaders,China and the United States,with multiple countries pursuing distinctive development paths"has emerged in nuclear addi-tive manufacturing.The technological pathways span from prototype validation to engineering applications,gradually trans-forming the research,development,and manufacturing paradigms of nuclear energy equipment.Despite the progress made in the application of additive manufacturing technology in the nuclear field,its widespread adoption still faces practical chal-lenges,such as material performance and long-term reliability issues,process defects and quality control difficulties,and lag-ging regulatory and standards systems.Nuclear-grade equipment and critical components are subjected to long-term service conditions involving high temperatures,high pressure,and radiation.A thorough understanding of their high-temperature me-chanical performance data is essential.However,there is a scarcity of long-term performance data for additively manufac-tured materials under radiation conditions.Nanoscale precipitates,anisotropy,and micro-voids generated during the additive manufacturing process can become sources of irradiation-assisted corrosion cracking under radiation,thereby affecting the service life of nuclear-grade equipment and components and posing safety risks.Consequently,engineering applications of additively manufactured parts require post-processing such as hot isostatic pressing or high-temperature solution annealing to induce recrystallization and microstructural homogenization.Furthermore,current nuclear safety regulations do not explic-itly address the certification of additively manufactured nuclear-grade equipment and components,resulting in gaps in regula-tory coverage.Existing domestic and international standards systems for the nuclear field have yet to fully encompass addi-tive manufacturing equipment and components,particularly in areas such as material acceptance and process qualification.The certification of nuclear-grade additively manufactured equipment currently relies on case-by-case reviews,and equip-ment licensing,safety analysis,and evaluation must be conducted individually based on project-specific characteristics.