植物毒素的分类及毒理学效应OA

Plants possess multifaceted values in human life,serving nutritional,ornamental,and medicinal purposes.However,some species contain toxic components that pose threats to humans and animals.Plant toxins primarily originate from secondary metabolites,including alkaloids,glycosides,proteinaceous compounds,amino acids and their derivatives,polypeptide toxins,lipidic toxins,metal-binding toxins,polyacetylenic alcohols,quinones,phenolic compounds,sesquiterpene lactones,etc.These compounds induce toxicity by inhibiting enzymatic activity,disrupting metabolic pathways,or damaging cellular structures,leading to clinical manifestations such as neurological damage,hepatotoxicity,gastrointestinal disturbances,hemolytic anemia,and others.This review systematically summarizes the classification of plant toxins and their effects on humans and animals,providing a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of plant toxin poisoning.