新型冠状病毒感染对过敏性鼻炎和哮喘症状的短期影响:一项回顾性队列研究OA

Objective To evaluate the short-term impact of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in-fection on symptom severity in Chinese patients with respiratory allergic diseases,including allergic rhinitis(AR)and allergic asthma(AA),using a retrospective cohort design.Methods A retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted among 206 patients with allergic diseases.Data were collected on COVID-19 infection sta-tus,changes in symptoms before and after infection,medication use,and disease control.Results After CO-VID-19 infection,58.99％of patients with allergic diseases experienced symptom exacerbation,and 15％re-ported newly developed allergic symptoms.Approximately 37.7％of patients with allergic rhinitis and 63.0％of patients with allergic asthma showed worsening allergic symptoms,manifested as increased symptom scores,higher attack frequency,prolonged symptom duration,and increased frequency or dosage of anti-allergic medi-cations.Only a small proportion of patients(4.3％with allergic rhinitis and 7.6％with allergic asthma)expe-rienced symptom improvement or no significant change.Additionally,some patients developed new-onset aller-gic diseases after infection.Multivariate analysis identified age as a significant factor associated with symptom exacerbation(allergic rhinitis:OR=1.029,95％CI:1.004-1.055,P=0.022;allergic asthma:OR=0.973,95％CI:0.951-0.996,P=0.023)and new-onset allergic diseases(OR=0.971,95％CI:0.946-0.995,P=0.020),whereas vaccination status,symptoms during infection,and medication use were not significantly associated.Conclusion COVID-19 infection may exacerbate or trigger allergic respiratory dis-eases by inducing immune dysregulation and airway hyperresponsiveness.This study provides retrospective evi-dence on post-COVID-19 changes in allergic disease activity in the Chinese population and highlights the need for careful post-infection assessment and long-term management of allergic diseases in clinical practice.