基于公民科学的1985-2024年北京观鸟游憩行为时空特征及驱动因素OACHSSCD

Understanding the intricate interplay between urban development,human recreational demands,and biodiversity conservation is paramount for achieving sustainable and resilient cities under global environmental change.Beijing,as a rapidly expanding megacity within the critical East Asian-Australasian Flyway(EAAF),faces immense pressure balancing ecological preservation with the well-being of its over 20 million inhabitants.Birdwatching,a prominent nature-based recreational activity,serves as a vital indicator of human-nature interactions and public engagement with biodiversity.Analyzing its long-term evolution is not merely an academic pursuit but a strategic necessity for informing urban green space planning,wetland conservation policies,and fostering ecological civilization within China's capital.Utilizing the burgeoning resource of citizen science(CS)data offers an unprecedented,cost-effective opportunity to track these complex socio-ecological dynamics across extensive temporal and spatial scales.This study presents a novel approach by integrating citizen science data with geospatial analysis to investigate the dynamic evolution of birdwatching recreational behavior in Beijing.Utilizing a comprehensive dataset of observational records from the eBird platform(1985-2024),the research proposes a three-dimensional analytical framework-encompassing temporal features,spatial evolution,and driving mechanisms-to systematically elucidate the patterns,trends,and underlying factors shaping birdwatching activities.The results include:(1)Temporal analysis revealed a policy-driven evolution of birdwatching activities,characterized by three distinct phases:a period of gradual growth(1985-2004),a phase of steady increase(2005-2014),and a period of rapid expansion during the ecological policy reinforcement phase(2015-2024),with an average annual growth rate of 17.3％.Over 60％of activities occurred in spring and autumn,closely aligning with the migratory rhythms of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway,highlighting the adaptive response of human recreational behavior to ecological phenology.(2)Spatially,birdwatching activities have undergone three stages:initial monocentric clustering in urban parks,followed by axial expansion along transportation corridors,and a subsequent transition to a networked configuration centered on wetland core areas.Over the past decade,the spatial centroid of these activities has shifted 12.7 km southeast toward Haidian,reflecting Beijing's strategic pivoted in urban ecological development from service-oriented provision to systemic resilience.(3)The driving mechanisms exhibit multifaceted coupling characteristics,supporting integrated model of"ecological foundation-economic momentum-social support",which revealed that bird resource abundance and per capita GDP constituted the core driving forces,synergistically amplified by factors such as the number of parks and green space coverage.This study demonstrates the methodological value of citizen science data in urban ecological research,providing a robust framework for analyzing human-nature interactions.