山西引种核桃的表型多样性分析及综合评价OA
Phenotypic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Walnut Introduction in Shanxi
以国家级林木良种基地汾阳市核桃良种繁殖试验园引种的87份核桃资源为研究对象,测定坚果表型的质量性状和数量性状,对其中的6个质量性状和14个数量性状进行了多样性分析、主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析、综合评价.结果表明,山西引种的87份核桃坚果6个质量性状的多样性指数为0.494～2.019,其中,坚果形状和核仁皮色是遗传多样性最丰富的表型标记,可作为种质鉴定的核心指标.14个数量性状的变异系数为8.88%～29.33%,其中,青果单质量、坚果湿质量及出仁率的高变异系数为高产、高附加值品种选育提供了直接选择依据.主成分分析提取了4个主成分,累计贡献率达到86.934%,能较好地反映主要性状的变异信息,其中,坚果大小(PC1)与果形指数(PC2)是表型分化的主导因子.相关性分析表明,14个数量性状存在不同程度的关联性,壳厚度与出仁率的负相关规律为"薄壳高仁"育种策略提供了理论支撑.聚类分析在欧氏距离为1.2时,将87份核桃品种资源分为四大类群.综合评价表明,巨丰、晋龙1号等综合表现优异的种质可直接用于品种改良;紫仁等特异材料则需通过功能基因组学挖掘其特殊代谢途径,拓展核桃的多元化利用场景.
In this study,87 walnut resources introduced in Fenyang Walnut Seed Breeding Experimental Garden of the National Forestry Seed Base were used as research objects.The quality and quantitative traits of nut phenotypes were determined,and diversity analysis,principal component analysis,correlation analysis,cluster analysis,and comprehensive evaluation were performed on 6 quality traits and 14 quantitative traits.The results showed that the diversity index of 6 quality traits of 87 walnut nuts introduced in Shanxi ranged from 0.494 to 2.019,among them,nut shape and nucleolar skin color were the phenotypic markers with the most abundant genetic diverse and could be used as a core index for germplasm identification.The coefficient of variation of 14 quantitative traits ranged from 8.88%to 29.33%,among them,the high coefficient of variation in green fruit unit weight,nut wet weight,and walnut kernel rate provided a direct selection basis for the breeding for high-yield and high value-added varieties.Four principal components were extracted by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate reached 86.934%,which could better reflect the variation information of the main traits,and among them,nut size(PC1)and fruit shape index(PC2)were the dominant factors in phenotypic differentiation.Correlation analysis showed that 14 quantitative traits were associated to varying degrees,the negative correlation between shell thickness and walnut kernel rate provided a theoretical support for the breeding strategy of thin shell high kernel.Cluster analysis divided 87 walnut variety resources into four major groups when the Euclidean distance was 1.2.The result of the comprehensive evaluation indicated that the germplasm with excellent comprehensive performance such as Jufeng and Jinlong 1 could be directly applied to variety improvement,and the special materials such as Ziren required exploration of the unique metabolic pathways by functional genomics to expand the multiutilization scenarios of walnuts.
许陶瑜;李建;史根生;郝华正;冀中锐;陈霖;王晶;张强
山西农业大学 经济作物研究所,山西 太原 030031山西农业大学 经济作物研究所,山西 太原 030031山西农业大学 经济作物研究所,山西 太原 030031山西农业大学 经济作物研究所,山西 太原 030031山西农业大学 经济作物研究所,山西 太原 030031山西农业大学 经济作物研究所,山西 太原 030031山西农业大学 经济作物研究所,山西 太原 030031山西农业大学 经济作物研究所,山西 太原 030031
农业科技
核桃表型多样性相关性分析聚类分析综合评价
walnutphenotypic diversitycorrelation analysiscluster analysiscomprehensive evaluation
《山西农业科学》 2026 (2)
44-53,10
吕梁市校地合作重点专项(2024XDHZ09)山西省科技创新项目(2022L087)山西省青年基金项目(202203021222163)山西省农业科学院生物育种工程(YZGC054)山西农业大学优秀博士启动项目(2024BQ07)山西省博士毕业生来晋工作奖励项目(SXBYKY2024063)山西农业大学科技创新提升工程(CXGC2023068)
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