不结球白菜耐抽薹种质鉴定及评价OA
Identification and evaluation of bolting-resistant germplasm of non-heading Chinese cabbage
[目的]不结球白菜在早春或越冬栽培中易因低温诱导未熟抽薹,导致产量和商品性下降,需通过抽薹性状评价筛选耐抽薹种质,为育种提供理论依据和优异材料.[方法]以52份不结球白菜种质[50份杂交组合(Z1～Z50)、2份对照]为材料,将室内春化鉴定(4 ℃下处理30 d)和春季田间低温春化鉴定(设置B1、B2两个播种期)结合在一起,测定现蕾期、开花期等抽薹性状指标,并通过主成分分析、聚类分析和隶属函数法综合评价抽薹性状,通过抽薹指数分级验证结果的可靠性,分析积温对抽薹的影响.[结果]室内春化鉴定将材料分为极易抽薹、易抽薹、中等耐抽薹、耐抽薹,其中,14份材料表现为耐抽薹,11份材料表现为极易抽薹.田间春化鉴定中,B2播种期材料春化时间较短,各材料耐抽薹性差异明显,筛选出了14份极耐抽薹材料.主成分分析表明,现蕾期是抽薹性状核心评价指标,累积贡献率达83.569％.隶属函数法与抽薹指数分级结果呈显著负相关,验证了两种评价方法的可靠性.耐抽薹性综合得分显示,Z23、Z6、Z40、Z22、Z19、Z5、Z21、Z4、Z13、Z11材料耐抽薹性最强.[结论]不结球白菜抽薹性状鉴定需采用室内人工春化与田间自然低温春化相结合的方法,以现蕾期为主要指标,筛选出了耐抽薹杂交组合材料Z23、Z6、Z40等;陕西关中地区2月下旬播种最有利于区分材料的抽薹性状.
[Objective]Non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis Makino)is prone to premature bolting due to low temperatures in early spring or winter cultivation,resulting in a decrease in yield and quality.It is necessary to evaluate and screen germplasms with bolting resistance,to provide theoretical basis and excellent germplasms for Chinese cabbage breeding.[Method]Indoor vernalization test with treatment at 4 ℃ for 30 d,and spring field vernalization test at 2 sowing times(B1 and B2)were conducted on 52 non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasms(50 hybrid germplasms of Z1-Z50 and 2 controls)to determine their bolting traits such as bud stage and flowering stage.Principal component analysis,cluster analysis and membership function method were used to comprehensively evaluate the bolting traits,whose results were further verified by bolting index grading,to in-terpret the influence of accumulated temperature on bolting.[Result]The germplasms were classified into 5 categories of extremely prone to bolting,prone to bolting,moderate resistance to bolting and resistance to bolting by indoor vernalization test.Among them,14 germplasms were identified as resistance while 11 as extremely prone to bolting.In the field vernalization test,the germplasms sown at B2 period had a shorter vernalization time amid significant differences in bolting resistance,among which 14 germplasms were screened out as high resistance.Principal component analysis indicated bud stage as the core evaluation index of bolting trait,with a cumulative contribution rate of 83.569％.The results of membership function method were significantly negatively correlated with those of bolting index classification,which verified the reliability of the 2 methods.The comprehensive scores of bolting resist-ance implied that Z23,Z6,Z40,Z22,Z19,Z5,Z21,Z4,Z13,Z11 had the highest resistance to bolting.[Conclusion]The iden-tification of bolting traits in non-heading Chinese cabbage requires a combination of indoor and spring field vernalization tests,with the budding stage as the main indicator.The hybrid germplasms,such as Z23,Z6 and Z40,are resistant to bolting.In the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province,sowing in late February is most suggested for distinguishing the bolting traits of non-heading Chinese cabbage.
路蓉;金安心;李翠萍;惠麦侠
西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌 712100西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌 712100西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌 712100西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌 712100
农业科技
不结球白菜耐抽薹性田间春化室内春化聚类分析
non-heading Chinese cabbagebolting tolerancefield vernalizationindoor vernalizationcluster analysis
《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》 2026 (2)
210-219,10
陕西省农业专项资金项目(2023NYZX-TB1)西北农林科技大学推广专项(TGZX2023-39、TGZX2024-15)国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-24-G22).
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