黄河流域陕北矿区植被恢复年限对土壤重金属污染、养分及酶活性的影响OA
The Effects of Vegetation Restoration Duration on Soil Heavy Metal Pollution,Nutrients and Enzyme Activities in the Northern Shaanxi Mining Area of the Yellow River Basin
为探究黄河流域矿区植被恢复年限对土壤重金属污染、养分及酶活性的影响,以陕北榆横矿区为对象,选取柠条(Caragana korshinskii)及紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)恢复样地,按恢复年限(0、2、5、8 a)设置样地,分析不同植被恢复年限时土壤重金属质量分数、养分特征、酶活性变化,并结合冗余分析探讨其相互作用机制.结果表明:8 a的植被恢复显著降低土壤重金属质量分数,在土壤深度(h)为0＜h≤20 cm处,8 a植被恢复样地的铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)质量分数较裸地分别降低11.5％、14.6％、18.2％、15.3％.铬(Cd)质量分数随恢复年限的增加呈先升后降的动态趋势.植被恢复显著提升土壤养分水平,0＜h≤20cm 土层处,8 a植被恢复样地的有机质、全氮、速效钾、速效磷质量分数较裸地分别增加73.8％、29.8％、34.2％、28.5％,表层富集效应明显.土壤酶活性随恢复年限的增加显著增强,蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶活性在8 a植被恢复样地中最大,较裸地提高51.2％～62.5％,此时,三者酶活性与铵态氮、速效磷呈极显著正相关,与锌质量分数呈极显著负相关.冗余分析表明,土壤铵态氮、锌质量分数、铜质量分数是影响酶活性的主要因子.植被恢复通过改善土壤养分及降低重金属污染,协同促进土壤生态功能恢复.
To explore the effects of vegetation restoration duration on soil heavy metal pollution,nutrients,and enzyme activities in the mining area of the Yellow River Basin,this study took the Yuheng Mining Area in Northern Shaanxi as the research object,and selected restoration plots of Caragana korshinskii and Medicago sativa.Plots were set up according to restora-tion durations(0,2,5,and 8 years).The variations in soil heavy metal contents,nutrient characteristics,and enzyme activities under different vegetation restoration durations were analyzed,and their interaction mechanisms were discussed by combining with redundancy analysis.The results showed that 8-year vegetation restoration significantly reduced soil heavy metal contents.In the soil layer of 0＜h≤ 20 cm,the contents of lead(Pb),chromium(Cr),copper(Cu),and zinc(Zn)in the 8-year vegetation restoration plots decreased by 11.5％,14.6％,18.2％,and 15.3％respectively compared with those in the bare land.The content of cadmium(Cd)showed a dynamic trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the extension of restoration duration.Vegetation restoration significantly improved soil nutrient levels.In the 0＜h≤20 cm soil layer,the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available potassium,and available phosphorus in the 8-year vegetation restoration plots increased by 73.8％,29.8％,34.2％,and 28.5％respectively compared with those in the bare land,with an obvious surface enrichment effect.Soil enzyme activities were significantly enhanced with the increase of restoration duration.The activities of invertase,alkaline phosphatase,and urease reached the maximum in the 8-year veg-etation restoration plots,which were 51.2％-62.5％higher than those in the bare land.At this stage,the activities of the three enzymes were extremely significantly positively correlated with ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus,and ex-tremely significantly negatively correlated with zinc content.Redundancy analysis showed that soil ammonium nitrogen,zinc content,and copper content were the main factors affecting enzyme activities.Vegetation restoration could synergisti-cally promote the restoration of soil ecological functions by improving soil nutrients and reducing heavy metal pollution.
冯颖俊;冯毅涛;马宏铝
河南地矿职业学院,郑州,451464河南理工大学中国环境保护集团有限公司
农业科技
黄河流域矿区生态修复植被恢复年限重金属污染土壤养分土壤酶活性
Yellow River BasinMining area ecological restorationVegetation restoration durationHeavy metal pollutionSoil nutrientsSoil enzyme activity
《东北林业大学学报》 2026 (3)
65-72,8
国家自然科学基金项目(52004086)2022年河南省职业教育教学改革研究与实践项目(豫教[2023]02995).
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