基于全基因组数据的中华菊头蝠种群分化格局与遗传脆弱性评估OA

To elucidate the patterns of population differentiation and population viability in the Chinese horseshoe bat(Rhinolophnus sinicus),we performed whole-genome sequencing on 40 individuals sampled from eight provinces across China.Population genetic analyses based on high-density single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified,for the first time at the whole-genome scale,three highly differentiated genetic lineages:the Southeast region group,the Mid-Western region group,and the Yunnan region group.We further systematically characterized the genetic load of these three lineages and found that the Yunnan region group exhibited the highest accumulation of homozygous deleterious mutations,indicating that this lineage likely experienced severe historical population bottlenecks and prolonged genetic drift,and thus resulted in reduced genetic diversity and pronounced genetic vulnerability.At the whole-genome level,our study reveals a tight association between population differentiation and the accumulation of genetic load in R.sinicus,providing new insights into its evolutionary history and establishing a genomic basis for conservation prioritization,particularly for the Yunnan population,as well as for the risk management of bat-associated diseases.