生物质沼渣资源化利用的多维路径探索:技术挑战、风险管控与循环经济模式创新OA

Biomass digestate,a byproduct of biogas production,exhibits dual characteristics of resource value and environ-mental risks.This paper systematically reviews research progress over the past two decades on the resource utilization of di-gestate,both domestically and internationally,highlighting its physical properties(64％ fiber content,1％ minerals),chemical composition(total N+P+K content up to 8％),and biological functions(enhancing soil microbial activity)and their potential impacts on agriculture and the environment.Studies demonstrate that digestate can be efficiently utilized through approaches such as fertilizer production,energy recovery,and material applications-for example,producing or-ganic fertilizers to increase crop yields by 15％～20％,pyrolyzing biochar to sequester 0.82 tons of CO2 per ton of diges-tate,and converting it via black soldier fly larvae into feed containing 40％crude protein.However,challenges persist,in-cluding heavy metal accumulation(e.g.,Cd exceeding standards in 15％ of cases),antibiotic residues,and high moisture content(＞80％),which escalates transportation costs.To address these issues,this paper proposes a synergistic"tech-nology-policy-industry"solution:developing intelligent dehydration equipment to reduce energy consumption by 30％,con-structing machine learning-based precision fertilization models,and designing tiered subsidy and carbon trading mecha-nisms.By comparing China's"digestate-organic fertilizer"recycling model with Europe's"energy-material"co-production systems,the study identifies the need for future integration of cutting-edge technologies such as nanomaterials and synthetic biology,as well as the establishment of cross-sectoral resource utilization networks.This research provides theoretical and practical pathways for transforming digestate from an"environmental burden"into a"strategic resource,"offering signifi-cant insights for advancing circular agriculture under the"dual carbon"goals.