世界主要国家甲烷政策综述及减排进展OA

Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas,and reducing its emissions is critical for achieving global climate mit‐igation goals.However,despite the accelerated progress of global methane mitigation policies,atmospheric methane concentrations have continued to rise in recent years,suggesting a substantial gap between current policy efforts and expected mitigation outcomes.As the world's largest methane emitter,China has introduced multiple policy measures to curb its methane emissions.Nevertheless,there is still a lack of systematic review of methane mitigation policy progress in China and other major countries,as well as a lack of compar‐ative analysis of the challenges of methane mitigation across countries.Consequently,the current status of global methane governance,the relative effectiveness of national efforts,and future policy priorities remain unclear.This study first reviewed methane mitigation pol‐icies globally and in major countries and compared China's policy progress with that of other major countries to identify key characteris‐tics and evolving trends of current policies.The study further compared the sectoral methane emission intensities and mitigation costs between China and other major countries and analyzed whether countries'mitigation effectiveness was sufficiently strong given the premise that there were obvious differences in mitigation difficulty.Finally,it briefly assessed their future policy priorities and required costs for enhancing methane mitigation in the future and discussed differentiated mitigation pathways that countries should adopt to col‐lectively drive global methane reductions.The study found that although China faces higher costs and greater policy implementation challenges in methane mitigation compared to developed countries,its sectoral methane emission intensities have decreased to levels close to or even lower than those of developed countries such as the United States.Given the continuing dominance of the United States and Europe in global methane governance,China,as the world's largest methane emitter,will continue to face significant international pressure to further reduce methane emissions.Therefore,this study recommends that China should initiate the development of a nation‐al methane mitigation strategy and roadmap as soon as possible,and systematically plan methane mitigation policies and medium-and long-term reduction targets in accordance with its national conditions.