8种除草剂对贵州西南烟田杂草防效及对烟草安全性评价OA
Weed control efficacies and tobacco safety evaluation of eight herbicides in tobacco fields in southwest Guizhou Province
为筛选安全高效的烟田除草剂并确定其施用量,调查贵州西南部烟田杂草的种类和危害度,通过芽前土壤封闭和芽后茎叶处理试验,评价8种除草剂对烟田杂草的防效及其对烟草的安全性.结果表明,贵州西南部烟田共发现14科28种杂草,其中危害度"中"和"重"的有8种.在芽前土壤封闭处理试验中,35%烟嘧·硝磺草酮·莠去津OD(1倍推荐剂量630.00、5倍推荐剂量3 150.00 g a.i./hm2,下同)、40%硝磺草酮SC(180.00、900.00 g a.i./hm2)和48%仲丁灵EC(1 800.00、9 000.00 g a.i./hm2)对藜(Chenopodium album)、繁缕(Stellaria media)、荠(Capsella bursa-pastoris)、苣荬菜(Sonchus arvensis)、辣子草(Galinsoga parviflora)和马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)的总株防效均大于89.67%.在芽后茎叶处理试验中,10%精草铵膦SL(600.00、3 000.00 g a.i./hm2)和 200 g/L草铵膦AS(1 800.00、9 000.00 g a.i./hm2)对藜、繁缕、荠、苣荬菜、辣子草和马唐的鲜重防效均大于76.24%.在芽前土壤封闭处理试验中,25%二氯喹啉酸SC和40%硝磺草酮SC处理20 d后烟苗移栽成活率显著低于对照,且40%硝磺草酮SC在5倍推荐剂量下使烟株在移栽后40 d内全部死亡,在1倍推荐剂量下除25%砜嘧磺隆WG和48%仲丁灵EC之外,其余除草剂均对烟株最长叶宽产生抑制作用.在芽后茎叶处理试验中,240 g/L烯草酮EC、48%仲丁灵EC、200 g/L草铵膦AS和10%精草铵膦SL在1倍、5倍推荐剂量下处理后,对烟株的打顶株高、最长叶长、最长叶宽、顶叶长和顶叶宽产生促进作用.在芽前土壤封闭处理试验和芽后茎叶处理试验中,25%二氯喹啉酸SC、40%硝磺草酮SC和35%烟嘧·硝磺草酮·莠去津OD处理后,烟株新叶出现畸形或黄化现象.48%仲丁灵EC、200 g/L草铵膦AS和10%精草铵膦SL对烟田杂草防效较好,仲丁灵适用于芽前控草,草铵膦和精草铵膦可用于芽后垄间除草,二氯喹啉酸、硝磺草酮和烟嘧·硝磺草酮·莠去津不适用于烟田杂草防除.
To screen safe and effective herbicides for tobacco fields and determine their application rates,weed species and their phytotoxicity were surveyed in tobacco fields in southwestern Guizhou Province.The control efficacies of eight herbicides against weeds and their use on tobacco safety were evaluated through pre-emergence soil sealing treatment and post-emergence stem and leaf treatment trials.The results showed that 28 weed species belonging to 14 families were identified in tobacco fields in southwestern Guizhou.Among them,8 species caused moderate to severe damage to tobacco plant.In the pre-emergence soil sealing treatment trials,the total control efficacies of 35%nicosulfuron+mesotrione+atrazine OD(the recommended dose 630.00 and 5 times the recommended dose 3 150.00 g a.i./ha,the same below),40%mesotrione SC(180.00 and 900.00 g a.i./ha)and 48%butralin EC(1 800.00 and 9 000.00 g a.i./ha)against Chenopodium album,Stellaria media,Capsella bursa-pastoris,Sonchus arvensis,Galinsoga parviflora and Digitaria sanguinalis were all over 89.67%.In the post-emergence stem and leaf treatment trials,10%glufosinate-p ammonium SL(600.00 and 3 000.00 g a.i./ha)and 200 g/L glufosinate ammonium AS(1 800.00 and 9 000.00 g a.i./ha)achieved fresh weight control efficacies greater than 76.24%against the above mentioned weed species.In the pre-emergence soil sealing treatment trials,tobacco seedling survival rates after transplanting(20 days post-treatment)were significantly reduced by 25%quinclorac SC and 40%mesotrione SC compared with the untreated control.Moreover,40%mesotrione SC at five times the recommended dose caused complete plant death within 40 days after the transplanting.At the recommended dose,all herbicides except 25%rimsulfuron WG and 48%butralin EC significantly inhibited the maximum leaf width of tobacco plants.In contrast,post-emergence applications of 240 g/L clethodim EC,48%butralin EC,200 g/L glufosinate ammonium AS and 10%glufosinate-p ammonium SL at both recommended and five times the recommended doses promoted plant height at topping,maximum leaf length and width,and top leaf length and width.In the pre-emergence and post-emergence trials,treatments with 25%quinclorac SC,40%mesotrione SC and 35%nicosulfuron+mesotrione+atrazine OD induced leaf deformity or chlorosis in new tobacco leaves.Overall,48%butralin EC,200 g/L glufosinate ammonium AS and 10%glufosinate-p ammonium SL exhibited good weed control effects.Butralin is therefore recommended for pre-emergence weed control,whereas glufosinate ammonium and glufosinate-p ammonium are suitable for post-emergence inter-row weed management.Quinclorac,mesotrione and nicosulfuron+mesotrione+atrazine are not recommended for weed control in tobacco fields.
王莹;李振嘉;吴小军;王彦华;汪汉成;高贵;陈兴江;袁嘉雯;林木森
贵州省烟草公司安顺市公司,贵州省安顺市西秀区中华南路31号 561099湖北文理学院现代农业研究院,湖北省襄阳市襄城区隆中路196号 441053||贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵阳市观山湖区龙滩坝路29号 550081贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵阳市观山湖区龙滩坝路29号 550081浙江省农业科学院,杭州市杭州江干区石桥路198号 310021贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵阳市观山湖区龙滩坝路29号 550081贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司,贵州省黔西南州兴义市桔山新区瑞金南路60号 562400贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵阳市观山湖区龙滩坝路29号 550081贵州省烟草公司安顺市公司,贵州省安顺市西秀区中华南路31号 561099贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司,贵州省遵义市汇川区人民路341号 563099
农业科技
烟草除草剂杂草防效安全性
TobaccoHerbicideWeed control effectSafety
《烟草科技》 2026 (3)
31-43,13
贵州省烟草公司安顺市公司项目"烟田除草剂污染源头阻控技术研究"(2024ASXM06)贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司项目"遵义烟区除草剂使用安全性评价及其药害修复技术研究"(2022XM07)贵州省"百层次"创新型人才项目(GCC[2022]028-2)贵州省科技创新人才团队项目"茄科叶用经济作物病害绿色防控科技创新人才团队建设"(黔科合平台人才-CXTD[2023]021).
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