北京四季青唐墓出土陶灯残留物分析OACHSSCD

Ancient lighting fuels included animal fat,vegetable oil and wax,which could be used individually or combined.Early lighting fuels were mainly animal fat and wax,and the costs were high.With the emergence of plant-based fuels,lamps and lanterns became more widely accessible.This study conducted a scientific analysis of the surface residues of a pottery lamp unearthed from Tang Dynasty tombs in Sijiqing,Beijing.Through the study,the main substances of the residues of the pottery lamp were identified,and the relevant information of the lighting fuel in the pottery lamp was clarified.These findings contribute to the understanding of the development level of the handicraft industry in the Tang Dynasty and the ways in which natural resources were developed and utilized by the ancient inhabitants. In this study,pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(Py-GC/MS)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)were applied to the analysis of residues from a pottery lamp unearthed from the Tang Dynasty tombs in Sijiqing,Beijing.1)Py-GC/MS was used to analyze the residue samples,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene,fluorene and anthracene were detected.These chemicals were produced by incomplete combustion of organic matters and are therefore speculated to be related to the combustion of fuel in the lamp.A small amount of nitrogen-containing substances such as 1-methyl-1H-pyrrole were also detected in the samples.These substances are associated with animal-derived materials,indicating that the pottery had been exposed to protein substances,and suggesting that the pottery lamp had other uses before being used as a lamp.2)Lipids were extracted by the direct acidification methanol extraction method,and the lipids in the samples were analyzed by GC-MS.Glycerol,fatty acids,β-sitosterol and other substances were detected.Based on the ratio of palmitic acid to stearic acid(P/S),it was inferred that the fuel contained vegetable oil.In addition,unsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid,linoleic acid,oleic acid and erucic acid were also detected.Erucic acid is mainly found in cruciferous plants,indicating that the pottery lamp contained cruciferous vegetable oil. The two methods,Py-GC/MS and GC-MS,complement each other and provide more comprehensive information on unknown organic residues.The study of the main components of crust residues on the surface of the pottery lamp excavated from the Tang Dynasty tombs in Sijiqing has clarified that the lighting fuel used was cruciferous vegetable oil,which contributes to understanding the use of vegetable oil as a lighting fuel in the Tang Dynasty.