比较基因组学揭示涉禽的演化适应机制差异OA
Comparative genomics sheds light on the evolutionary adaptation of wading birds
目的 通过比较基因组学的方法,探究涉禽栖息环境与摄食习性的形成与其基因组演化之间的关系,揭示其适应性演化的分子基础,为濒危物种的生物多样性保护及生物安全策略提供科学依据.方法 本研究共涉及6种代表性涉禽,其中包括已公开的朱鹮和小白鹭基因组数据,以及新选取鹈形超目中的4种代表性涉禽物种,开展全基因组测序、组装与注释后,结合比较基因组学方法,系统分析其基因组结构、重复序列分布、基因家族演化以及碳水化合物消化相关基因的变异情况,并纳入多个水鸟物种进行系统发育与趋同演化分析.结果 本研究测得4个涉禽物种的平均基因组大小为1.21 Gb,平均注释基因数为15 647个,重复序列占比4%～10%,分布模式相似.自然选择分析识别出多个与骨骼发育、肢体形态及喙部形成相关的快速演化基因.对比其他长腿水鸟发现一批在肢体与喙发育中呈现趋同演化特征的基因.此外,朱鹮等肉食性涉禽的碳水化合物消化基因与杂食性动物存在明显差异.结论 生物多样性是维系生态系统功能和生物安全的重要基础.本研究从基因组层面揭示了涉禽的适应性演化,为理解生物多样性促进物种对环境变化的适应性生存与演化提供了关键证据,也为濒危水鸟物种的演化研究和保护,及生物安全策略的制定提供了宝贵的基因组资源和科学依据.
Objective In this study,we employed comparative genomics to investigate the relationship between the genomic evolution of wading birds and the development of their habitat preferences and feeding habits.The aim was to elucidate the molecular basis of their adaptive evolution,thereby providing scientific foundation for biodiversity conservation of endangered species and informing biosecurity strategies.Methods We selected four representative wading bird species from the Pelecaniformes superorder.We conducted whole-genome sequencing,assembly,and annotation.Using comparative genomic approaches,we systematically analyzed genome structure,repetitive element distribution,and gene family evolution,with a particular focus on variations in carbohydrate-digestion-related genes.Other waterbird species were included for phylogenetic and convergent evolution analysis.Results The assembled genomes of the four species of wading birds had an average size of 1.21 Gb,containing an average of 15 647 annotated genes.Repetitive sequences accounted for 4%-10%of the genomes,showing a similar distribution pattern.Natural selection analysis identified several rapidly evolving genes associated with skeletal development,limb morphology,and beak formation.Comparative analysis with other long-legged waterbirds revealed a suite of genes demonstrating convergent evolution in limb and beak development.Furthermore,carnivorous wading birds,such as the crested ibis,exhibited significant differences in carbohydrate-digestion genes compared to omnivorous animals.Conclusion Biodiversity is fundamental to ecosystem function and biosecurity.Our research reveals the genomic underpinnings of adaptive evolution in wading birds,thereby providing key evidence for understanding how biodiversity promotes species'survival and adaptation to environmental change.These findings offer valuable genomic resources and scientific basis for evolutionary studies,the conservation of endangered aquatic birds,and the development of informed biosecurity strategies.
熊子军;姚雨璐;高姝雅;李波;李生斌;成诚
西安交通大学国家卫生健康委法医学重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049||南昌大学江西医学院基础医学院,江西 南昌 330031||西安交通大学生物证据研究院/国家生物安全证据基地,陕西 西安 710049西安交通大学国家卫生健康委法医学重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049||西安交通大学生物证据研究院/国家生物安全证据基地,陕西 西安 710049西安交通大学国家卫生健康委法医学重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049||西安交通大学生物证据研究院/国家生物安全证据基地,陕西 西安 710049深圳华大基因研究院,广东 深圳 518103西安交通大学国家卫生健康委法医学重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049||西安交通大学生物证据研究院/国家生物安全证据基地,陕西 西安 710049西安交通大学国家卫生健康委法医学重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049||西安交通大学生物证据研究院/国家生物安全证据基地,陕西 西安 710049
生物科学
涉禽基因组学趋同演化物种保护生物安全
wading birdgenomicsconvergent evolutionspecies conservationbiosafety
《西安交通大学学报（医学版）》 2026 (2)
247-256,10
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