基于经验正交分解的黄河流域水-风-光资源时空变异性及互补性分析OA

To optimize the hydro-wind-solar energy complementary system in the Yellow River Basin,it is essential to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics and synergy of these three renewable resources.Based on the high definition gridded reanalysis data of 1980-2018,we employed climatic statistics,em-pirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis,and joint EOF decomposition to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability and complementarity potential.The results show that runoff depth reached its maximum in summer over the upstream source region and the downstream Shandong area,accompanied by notable in-terannual fluctuations and an overall increasing trend.High wind speeds were mainly concentrated in the middle and upper reaches,with the most pronounced values and largest interannual variability in spring and winter.Solar radiation peaked in spring and summer,and it was significantly higher in the upstream source region than in other areas.Although radiation exhibited a general upward trend across the basin,a decline was observed in the upstream area during summer due to increased water vapor.EOF analysis re-veals the dominant spatial modes of resource variability,the first mode represents basin-wide coherent variations,whereas the second mode reflects out-of-phase patterns among the upper,middle,and lower reaches.Further results from the joint EOF decomposition indicate that wind-solar out-of-phase behavior was generally weak,resulting in limited wind-solar complementarity.In contrast,hydro-wind and hydro-solar complementarity is more pronounced,primarily concentrated in the middle and upper rea-ches where water availability is high and wind-solar conditions are favorable.