不同管理措施对太湖流域稻田生产力和磷平衡的影响OA
Effects of Different Management Measures on Paddy Productivity and Phosphorus Balance in the Taihu Lake Basin
为探究不同管理措施对稻田生产力和磷平衡的影响,选取太湖流域典型水稻区作为研究对象,探讨不同磷肥施用量(P2O5 0、45、90 kg·hm-2)和灌溉方式(淹水、轻度落干、重度落干)对水稻产量、吸磷量、土壤磷损失及磷平衡的影响.两年田间试验结果表明:与不施磷相比,施磷处理可提高产量,增产幅度为2.20%～11.5%.与P2O5 45 kg·hm-2处理相比,P2O5 90 kg·hm-2处理降低了磷肥农学效率和磷肥利用率,分别平均降低34.9%和29.4%.与不施磷处理相比,施磷处理显著增加了土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)和活性磷组分(Resin-P、NaHCO3-Pi和NaOH-Pi之和)含量,分别增加19.1%～62.4%和36.5%～101%.此外,施磷处理显著增加了稻田土壤磷流失,增加幅度为 79.1%～292%.而相较于淹水,轻度落干和重度落干处理可显著降低稻田磷损失,分别平均降低27.0%和35.6%,尤其是径流量,分别降低31.5%和41.3%.P2O5 90 kg·hm-2处理可维持稻季磷平衡,而由于土壤磷的高有效性及Olsen-P高于20 mg·kg-1时,施用P2O5 45 kg·hm-2即可满足水稻需求.结构方程模型分析揭示了Olsen-P和NaOH-Pi是水稻产量的主要影响因子,而Resin-P是磷损失的主要影响因子.因此,推荐采用轻度落干灌溉方式,并根据作物需磷量和土壤磷含量来确定合适的施磷量,及当土壤Olsen-P高于 20 mg·kg-1时,P2O5 45 kg·hm-2 施磷量即可满足水稻需求,以此实现作物产量最大化和磷素流失最小化.研究结果为太湖流域稻田养分管理和面源污染防控提供了科学依据.
[Objective]This study aimed to evaluate the impact of various phosphorus(P)fertilizer application rates and irrigation methods on rice yield,P uptake,P loss,and P balance in the Taihu Lake Basin.The goal was to optimize nutrient management and mitigate non-point source pollution by assessing the effects of different P levels and water management practices on rice paddies.[Method]A two-year field experiment was conducted with three P application rates(P2O5 0,45,and 90 kg·hm-2)and three irrigation strategies:continuous flooding,mild dryness,and severe dryness.Soil and rice samples were collected at harvest.Soil P fractions were analyzed using sequential extraction,and rice yield and P uptake were measured from grain and straw.Runoff and leachate samples were obtained to assess P loss.[Result]Compared to the control(no P fertilizer),applying P fertilizer increased rice yield by 2.20%to 11.5%.The P2O5 90 kg·hm-2 treatment reduced P agronomic and P use efficiencies by an average of 34.9%and 29.4%,respectively,compared to the application of P2O5 45 kg·hm-2.P application significantly increased the soil Olsen-P and available P fractions(the sum of Resin-P,NaHCO3-Pi,and NaOH-Pi)by 19.1%-62.4%and 36.5%-101%,respectively,while also enhancing P loss from paddy fields by 79.1%to 292%,compared to the control.In addition,the mild and severe dryness strategies significantly reduced P loss,with average decreases of 27.0%and 35.6%,respectively,particularly in runoff,where reductions were 31.5%and 41.3%,compared to flooding.The P2O5 90 kg·hm-2 treatment maintained a P balance for the rice season,while the application of P2O5 45 kg·hm-2 was sufficient to meet rice demands due to the high availability of soil P and Olsen-P higher than 20 mg·kg-1.Structural equation modeling indicated that Olsen-P and NaOH-Pi were the main influencing factors for rice yield,while Resin-P was the main influencing factor of P loss.[Conclusion]Moderate P fertilization at P2O5 45 kg·hm-2 effectively increased rice yield with minimal P loss.Mild dryness irrigation and appropriate P application based on crop P requirements and soil P levels are vital for maximizing crop yields while minimizing P loss.The findings provide a scientific basis for nutrient management in paddy fields and the control of non-point source pollution in the Taihu Lake Basin.
陈光蕾;岳珂;袁佳慧;朱毅勇;开雷
江苏师范大学生命科学学院,江苏省药食植物生物技术国家级重点实验室培育建设点,江苏 徐州 221116||南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京 211800江苏师范大学生命科学学院,江苏省药食植物生物技术国家级重点实验室培育建设点,江苏 徐州 221116黑龙江省农业科学院,黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室,哈尔滨 150086南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京 211800江苏师范大学生命科学学院,江苏省药食植物生物技术国家级重点实验室培育建设点,江苏 徐州 221116
农业科技
磷肥灌溉水稻产量磷损失磷平衡
Phosphate fertilizerIrrigationRice yieldPhosphorus lossPhosphorus balance
《土壤学报》 2026 (1)
265-277,13
江苏省卓越博士后计划(2022ZB533)和黑龙江省博士后资助项目(LBH-Z23266)共同资助 Supported by the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2022ZB533)and the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(LBH-Z23266)
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