常见环境内分泌干扰物对尿道下裂的影响OA

Hypospadias is a relatively common congenital malformation of the pediatric genitourinary system,and its incidence has been increasing worldwide in recent years.This disorder not only leads to abnormal micturition and penile developmental malformations,but may also have an adverse psychologi-cal effect on affected children due to penile morphological anomalies and the resulting social stress.In etiological research on hypospadias,epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs)is an important environmental factor that increases the risk of this disease.This paper systematically reviews the main categories of EDCs and their primary exposure routes,and focuses on exploring their pathogenic mechanisms from four aspects:interfering with hormonal signals,impairing the developmental microenvironment and molecular dynamics,affecting and affecting the pro-gesterone receptorhypothesis and the regulation of key genes.It aims to provide a systematic reference for an in-depth understanding of the etiology of hypospadias.