菌丝遮光对黑木耳力学特性及机械化采收的影响OA

To address the challenges of high labor dependency,intense manual effort,and low mechanization in the harvesting process of Auricularia heimuer,this study employed black cultivation bags with varying shading rates(ck:0 shading;T1:50％shading;T2:70％shading;T3:90％shading)to systematically investigate the effects of mycelial shading on the detachment force,mechanical properties,and mechanized harvesting efficiency of the fungus.The results demonstrated that shading treatments significantly reduced the detachment force required to separate the fruiting bodies(P＜0.05),exhibiting a decreasing trend with increasing shading intensity.Frequency distribution analysis indicated that the intervals of detachment force varied notably among different treatments and pulling directions.Meanwhile,shading exerted no significant impact on the overall mechanical properties of the fruiting bodies.Notably,treatments T1 and T2 showed superior cohesiveness and hardness.Under identical shading conditions,the angle of applied pulling force significantly influenced detachment force:for the"one-shaped"opening,the horizontal direction exhibited a higher detachment force(2.48 N),whereas for the circular opening,the upward 45° direction showed a higher detachment force(1.49 N).Shading also resulted in a marked reduction in the size of the stipe base and attachment point,thereby weakening adhesion to the cultivation bag and facilitating harvesting.Validation trials with harvesting machinery indicated that,compared to the ck treatment,shading significantly decreased the number of missed and substandard fruiting bodies.When comparing opening methods,the circular opening exhibited a notably lower detachment force than the one-shaped opening;however,the stipe base and attachment points were significantly smaller in the circular opening,which increased the likelihood of immature fruiting bodies being harvested inadvertently,thereby raising the quantity of substandard products and adversely affecting commercial value.Comprehensive analysis suggests that T2 or T3 shading treatments combined with the one-shaped opening method are more suitable for current mechanized harvesting operations of A.heimuer.If the circular opening method is employed,it is recommended to appropriately reduce the harvester's operating speed to enhance harvesting efficiency and product quality.