中国大型真菌多样性研究概述OA

Macrofungi,recognized as one of the most species-diverse biological groups on earth,play a vital role in maintaining ecosystem functions and promoting sustainable utilization of natural resources.Research on the diversity of macrofungi thus holds a profound significance of science.Through extensive sorting of the relevant literatures,this paper provides a systematical overview of the history,current status,and core challenges on the diversity research of macrofungi in China that covers a number of aspects including species diversity,community structure,floristic distribution patterns and environmentdriving mechanisms as well as prospective directions for future studies.Time for recognition of macrofungi in China could be traced back to BCE(Before Common Era),however,the systematic scientific research in this field started only since the early 20th century whereby Mr.HU Xianxu became a pioneer to open modern taxonomic studies of macrofungi.After the establishment of the People's Republic of China,nationwide systematic surveys of macrofungal resources were promoted actively by many research institutions and the Editorial Committee of the Flora Fungorum Sinicorum as well.Currently,over 25 000 species of macrofungi have been documented in China,while scientific estimations suggest that the total number of species may reach up to approximate 180 000 implying an existence of about 86％of the species still without being recorded.Our comprehensive analysis of literatures indicates a significant geographical disparity in the collection and accumulation data of species diversity across China,which were extensively rich from the central,northern and northeastern regions whereas very poor from the large areas of southern and northwestern China as well as the Qingzang Plateau due to inadequate exploration.At the national scope,the dominant families and genera of macrofungi are mainly constituted of temperate components such as Agaricaceae,Polyporaceae,and Russula.Vegetation types have a significant impact on the community structure of macrofungi where a higher diversity is seen from the mixed coniferousbroadleaved forests when compared with the pure forests and the coverage of Quercus mongolica reveals,moreover,a significant positive correlation with the above species diversity(P＜0.05).Suitable human interventions,such as thinning,can enhance species richness,while overexploitation may result in a severe degradation of communities.Analysis of floristic compositions reveals that the northtemperate and cosmopolitan species constitute over 70％of the total species,indicating their strong affinity with the temperate floras of East Asia and Europe.The occurrence and geographical distribution of macrofungi are considered to be influenced by various environmental factors including precipitation,temperature,altitude and soil physicochemical properties(pH and organic matter content)as well as host tree specificity.In summary,the research of macrofungal diversity in China is currently facing several critical challenges as represented by the pronounced imbalance of regional coverage,the difficulty of taxonomic identification of species,the lack of enough knowledges against key processes and mechanisms of ecology,and the increasing demands of resource conservation.Consequently,our future endeavors to do scientific study for comprehensively elucidating the patterns,formation mechanisms and conservation strategies of macrofungi should be focused on the following areas:(1)Expanding the scope and frequency of investigations to fill in gaps of research activity particularly for those critical regions such as the northwestern China,the Qingzang Plateau and the nature preserves in southern China as well,and establishing a longterm continuous monitoring network;(2)Enhancing the public awareness through strengthening activities of science communications to help understanding of the value of macrofungi and increasing the research investment by calling for great supports from governmental agencies and research institutions for basic studies;(3)Promoting the technological innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration by actively integrating those advanced means such as modern molecular biology,bioinformatics and ecological modeling essential to resolve current bottlenecks existing in the traditional taxonomic and ecological research areas.